PSTIS'fNG AND TRAINING. 159 



width to come above the spurs on the north side of the 

 trellis, and at the approach of cold weather put another on 

 the south side, and the space between may be filled with 

 tan-bark, sawdust, sand, or soil, or the narrow space along 

 the top may be covered with any old strips of sacks or 

 similar material. The most that is usually needed is to 

 keep the vine from frequent freezing and thawing. 



The amount of fruit obtained per acre is about the samo 

 as with the system of low training with two arms, but it 

 requires double the number of vines in the beginning. 



The same style of trellis is used as for the other systems, 

 and the same amount of pinching of the fruiting canes and 

 stopping of the laterals is required. 



The four systems that have been described are the same 

 in principle, only the details are varied to suit different 

 circumstances, and these details may be varied indefinitely, 

 so long as we do not undermine the foundation upon which 

 the structure is built. 



Wherever a variety is grown that is naturally unpro- 

 ductive, or one that produces so small a bunch or berry 

 that it does not exhaust the vine in the same proportion 

 that the larger varieties do, then one of the canes may be 

 pruned a little longer, say to four to six buds, it being at 

 the same time bent over at an angle, so that the lower bud 

 will be forced to produce a strong cane for another year. 

 These modifications to suit different varieties and circum- 

 stances will suggest themselves to the vineyardist, if he 

 will think as he works. It is impossible to point out every 

 phase which the different cases will assume, particularly 

 when there are so many varieties under cultivation, eacl 

 of which has its own peculiarity of growth. 



