WINK-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 29 



the class for our dry soils and summers. Only partly resis- 

 tant to phylloxera, although more so than Vinifera. 



2. Riparia, Riverside Grape. In its wild state we distin- 

 guish two distinct forms, the smooth leaved, and downy 

 leaved or pubescent. Its homes are the bottoms of larger 

 streams, especially of Missouri, Illinois, Kansas and Nebraska, 

 where the smooth leaved form is most common, while the 

 downy leaved appears mostly in Texas and New Mexico. 

 Both are equally valuable as grafting stocks. Wood, thin 

 and long, long jointed; the leaves heart shaped, with acute 

 points, deeply serrated and sometimes lobed; in the smooth 

 variety light green above and below, without down ; in the 

 pubescent,, wooly below, and the stems covered with light 

 hair. Berry, small, black, without pulp, and sprightly, dark 

 colored juice. Roots, thin and wiry, hard, spreading; seems 

 to succeed in nearly all soils; propogates readily from cut- 

 tings. The wild vines are entirely resistant. The most 

 known cultivated varieties are Clinton, Elvira, Taylor and 

 others, some of them evidently hybrids of Labrusca and Rip- 

 aria. 



3. sEstivalis or Summer Grape. Vine a strong grower, 

 healthy and hardy, but difficult to propogate from cuttings. 

 Leaves, large,. thick, downy beneath, generally lobed, though 

 some varieties are not. Found mostly on uplands, and is 

 eminently fitted to withstand drought, as it has strong, very 

 hard roots, which strike deep into the soil. A fine stock for 

 grafting the Vinifera, as they take readily. Berries, small, 

 black with blue bloom, not pulpy, and some of fine quality 

 for wine. The Herbemont, Lenoir, Rulander and Cunning- 

 ham are the most prominent cultivated varieties. 



4. Rttpeslris. Bush or sugar grape, Southwest Missouri, 

 Arkansas and Texas. Vine bushy, with many small branches, 

 stocky; leaves small and shining above and below, heart 

 shaped; berry small, black, with blue bloom, propagates 



