WINE-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 



41 



divided up, as each lateral will generally make its own system 

 of roots, similar as in spring layering. 



Layering to fill vacancies in old vineyards differs in so far, 

 as a trench is dug from the parent vine to the vacant place, a 

 young cane, grown for that purpose is then pruned long 

 enough to reach to the vacant spot, but the trench must be 

 dug enough to be below the reach of the plow, say 10 inches. 

 The cane is then bent down sharply at the mother vine into 

 the trench; laid on its bottom, and bent nearly at an angle 

 at the vacancy, where one or two buds are left above the 

 ground. (Fig. 5.) The trench is then filled up, andasthe layer 



FIG. 5, 



draws nourishment from the parent vine, and also forms roots at 

 every joint below ground, it makes a very strong growth, and 

 is able to bear the second season, when it is generally de- 

 tached from the mother plant with the pruning shears. 

 Every one knows who has ever tried it, that it is almost im- 

 possible to fill vacancies with young plants, when the vineyard 

 has come to bearing size. Then this comes in as the only 



