46 (iRAPE CULTL'BE AND 



note their condition during the winter. This was accom- 

 plished by repeated examinations during each of the winter 

 months of vines most productive of the insect. No obvious 

 movement to lower parts of the root-system, such as was pre- 

 dicted, was noticeable; but merely a dying out of the differ- 

 ent forms upon the older and most decayed parts of the root; 

 the healthier fibres and wood always supporting the insect 

 most abundantly. Even in mid-winter the wingless root 

 form appeared clear to the surface, and even above the ground, 

 where tuberous spots afforded them nourishment and protec- 

 tion. If the winter proved too severe, portions of the root- 

 bark were often found covered with black "lumps" of dead 

 phylloxera mingled with small and shriveled brown ones, in 

 positions similar to those in which they were found late in 

 the fall. 



FIELD OBSERVATIONS DURING THE SEASON OF 1881-2. 

 The observations during the winter of 1881-2, which was cold 

 and was followed by a late spring, revealed the insects numer- 

 ously settled upon all parts of the roots, and even in mid-win- 

 ter at the surface of the ground on the base of a last year's 

 sucker. On December eighth the insect was found in de- 

 creasing numbers on the old roots, and confined to groups of 

 five or six on the healthiest parts of young roots. They were 

 mostly of the mother form and only a few larvae. Later in 

 December the preponderance of the mother form was still ap- 

 parent, and the general settled conditions of the groups was 

 specially noted. 



Frequent examinations during tne months of January, Feb- 

 ruary, and March, showed no special change, save a more 

 sluggish condition and a darkening of color. 



It was not until the twenty-eighth of April that signs of re- 

 turning life were visible. Scattering eggs, in groups, from 

 three to five in number, very transparent and quite large, 

 were found surrounding some of the more mature insects 



