WINE-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 75 



fit for grapes any way, and will never make first-class wine, 

 therefore should be avoided. They will stand the severest 

 droughts and always look fresh and green. Their thick and 

 persistent foliage affords excellent protection to the fruit, and 

 withstands, better than all others, the attacks of the white 

 thrip and other insects. They do not sunscald, and seldom 

 are attacked by mildew. 



The Herbemont is perhaps the most valuable; a strong 

 grower, very productive and healthy. Synonyms, Herbemonts 

 Madeira, Warren, Warrenton. It was first cultivated by Mr. 

 Neal, a farmer in Warren Co., Georgia, who found the vine 

 in the woods, near his residence, as early as the year 1800, 

 It was afterwards cultivated by Mr. Nicholas Herbemont, a 

 Frenchman, at Columbia, and distributed under its present 

 name. He made wine of it for many years, which was 

 justly admired. Mr. Longworth introduced it at Cincinnati,. 

 Ohio, and Mr. Charles G. Teubner at Hermann, Mo., 1847, 

 where I became familiar with it in 1852, and have cultivated 

 it in Missouri for twenty-five years. With winter protection 

 it seldom failed to produce a fine crop there, and I have seen it 

 produce 35 Ibs. to the vine, or 2000 gallons to the acre. This 

 was with long pruning on trellis, and the crop was sold to the 

 wine makers at 7 cents per pound. It makes a very sprightly 

 white wine, if pressed lightly, immediately after being 

 crushed; and the remainder, if thrown into the fermenting 

 vat, and fermented from four to six days, will make a good 

 claret. The Herbemont has not been tried so extensively iti 

 this State, on account of the prevailing rage for red wine, as 

 it lacks in color, but all the samples made from it have elicited 

 high praise for their sprightliness, easy and rapid clarification, 

 and their delicate flavor. The vine is a very strong, short- 

 jointed grower; wood gray, leaves deeply lobed, large and 

 thick, light green above, grayish below, which remain on the 

 vines, fresh and green, until December. Bunch compact, 



