WINK-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 77 



Perhaps the best known of this class is the Lenoir. Syno- 

 nyms, Bkck Spanish, Jack Grape, Jaquez, Devereaux. I 

 sent it to this State, to Mr. H. W. Crable, of Oakville, Napa 

 Co., in 1876, as he was desirous of obtaining a grape of very 

 deep color, and abundance of tannin; and as I had tried it on 

 a small scale in Missouri, I thought it would meet this want. 

 It originated in South Carolina or Mississippi, and was first 

 disseminated by a gentleman named Lenoir, hence the name, 

 who grows it somewhat extensively in South Carolina, and 

 made wine from it forty years ago, which was much admired. 

 It is cultivated extensively in Texas, under the name of Black 

 Spanish. It was introduced into France as early as 1864, 

 where it is now perhaps more cultivated and its wine has a 

 higher commercial value than that of any other American 

 grape, on account of its intense color, and as its resistance to 

 phylloxera has been fully demonstrated. It is a beautiful 

 grower, with large, dark green, deeply lobed -leaves; points of 

 the young shoots reddish, wood brown, long jointed for its 

 class. Bunch long, shouldered, loose; berry small, black, 

 with blue bloom, juicy, no pulp, juice deep violet red. It has 

 such a superabundance of color that one fifth of it will give 

 the desired color to any light colored Zinfandel, and as it also 

 has an abundance of tannin, it is likely to be a very valuable 

 wine for blending, though I must say I do not admire it by 

 itself as much here as I did in Missouri. It seems to me to 

 be coarse and harsh. It is a very strong grower, and needs 

 a six foot stake with abundance of spurs, to make it produce 

 full crops, Specific gravity of must 28 Balling. 



Cunningham. Synonyms, Long. This is perhaps the most 

 valuable of the whole class as a stock for grafting; as it is an 

 immense grower, takes the graft well, and propogates readily 

 from cuttings. Though it bears very abundantly, the berries 

 are small and dry, with a superabundance of acid, though also 

 rich in sacharine. It originated with Mr. Jacob Cunningham, 



