WINK-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 91 



that such grafts will bear, or that the grapes will correspond 

 to the quality of the scion. 



As to the latter point, it may well be claimed as an estab- 

 lished fact that the scion determines, in all cases, the char- 

 acter of the fruit, when any is formed. To deny this is to 

 deny a fundamental axiom in horticulture, which has been 

 demonstrated myriads of times for thousands of years. Minor 

 differences may, it is true, arise from the habits of growth of 

 the stock as compared with those of the graft when on its own 

 root, whether as to rapidity of development, nourishment 

 drawn from the soil, adaptation to climate, etc. In this re- 

 spect the vine does not differ from other fruits, for which the 

 best stock has to be ascertained by trial in each region. 



As to the bearihg of fruit, it is well known that, under cer- 

 tain circumstances of soil and climate, it may be greatly re- 

 tarded, or even suppressed. But the grafts made on the 

 University grounds on Californica stocks have all borne 

 abundantly and early; and apart from many other examples of 

 the same kind, Mr. Packard's experience in his one-hundred- 

 acre grafted vineyard, three years from the seed (reported be- 

 low), is a living example, than which a stronger cannot readily 

 be found for othtr vines. 



At the vineyard of Mr. W. G. Klee, in the Santa Cruz 

 Mountains, near Alma, Mataro, Charbono, and Verdal 

 grafted on the Californica stock three years ago, have been 

 bearing abundantly ever since. Similar results have been ob- 

 tained by many others. 



As to the success of the grafts when properly made, the 

 showing of 98 per cent, of successess in the case of Mr. 

 Packard, cannot be easily excelled^ by grafts made on other 

 stocks. As to the strength of the union, our experience here 

 has been that when well made the junction becomes imper- 

 ceptible and -as strong as any other part of the vine. 



It is trtie that when a strong grower is grafted upon a weak 



