108 GRAPH (TLTrKK AND 



Tlte roots of the cuttings exhibit the same striking differences observed 

 in the seedlings of the same species. The Californian vine has by far 

 the most vigorous roots, as well as the smallest number, and these strike 

 directly downwards. The roots of the Arizonica are next in vigor, 

 .and also strike straight downwards, but are much tougher in texture. 

 The riparia has a great profusion of roots, but of a much more spread- 

 ing habit, apparently seeking to remain near the surface a habit it al- 

 ways retains when older, and to which its early starting may in part be 

 due. The cestivalis, although apparently the smallest and weakest 

 grower, yet developes a powerful root system, with a more downward 

 tendency than the riparia, and in deep soils, or where roots can pene- 

 trate deeply into the substratum, it should do well. Its roots are, dur- 

 ing the first few years, stronger in proportion to the top than is the 

 case with any of the other species tested, and this speaks strongly in its 

 favor for use as a grafting stock. 



As it is in many cases of importance to be able to distinguish the 

 canes of the several wild species from each other, I call attention to the 

 distinctive characters afforded by the configuration of the pith at the 

 nodes or eyes, when a joint is cut lengthwise; a subject to which atten- 

 tion was first called by the late Dr. Engelmann, and of which examples 

 referring to Eastern species are figured in the Bushberg catalogue for 

 1884. In these figures the pith of the riparia shows at the node a thin 

 cross partition; in the cordifolia or Southern riverside grape, this parti- 

 tion is quite thick. In the Southern Muscadine or Scuppernong grape 

 { V. vulpina) the partition is entirely absent ; while present, in varied 

 forms, in all other American species, The difference between the V. 

 Californica and Arizonica in respect to the partition is almost precisely 

 the same as that between the cordifolia and riparia, and will serve to 

 distinguish the cuttings from each other; the cross partition in the Ar- 

 izonica being quite thin. Figures are, of course, needed to illustrate 

 these points more exactly, but when once noted they are easily recog- 

 nized. 



W. G. KLKE. 



