WINE-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 123 



the junction with earth, to the upper bud of the scion, and 

 then watering it, so as to keep it moist. For the benefit of 

 those who wish to try it, I will describe and illustrate it here, 

 quoting from Prof. Goethe's valuable Pamphlet "die Reben- 

 verdelung " (Grafting of the Grape). 



"For over fifty years a method of grafting has been practiced 

 near Funfirchen, in Hungary, and also in other districts, 

 which has been called green or herbaceous grafting, because 

 the soft green shoots of the vine are used for the operation. 

 It was practiced mostly to change single vines in vineyards 

 that were of an indifferent variety, into such desirable varie- 

 ties as composed the greater part, or to change whole vine- 

 yards into better varieties. But it may now become of still 

 greater importance, if we apply it to protect our European 

 varieties, by grafting on resistant American stocks, against the 

 attacks of the phylloxera, .and it has already been successfully 

 used for that purpose. 



"Experience in grafting all kinds of plants shows us that the 

 operation is followed with a greater degree of success, when 

 the parts to be united are yet young and succulent, than 

 when they have already become woody and hardened; always 

 provided that they have the necessary firmness and develop- 

 ment to be capable of germination. This is also applicable 

 to the vine, and if we have to record a good many failures, 

 the causes of them were mostly either due to improper time 

 or faulty performance of the operation itself. 



"Although the operation was fully described in the work 

 of Franz Schams, perhaps the best informed writer on the 

 culture of the grape in Hungary, which appeared in 1832, 

 and although it has also been practiced in other districts of 

 Hungary, for instance in the vineyards around Ofen, where I 

 saw its application, yet it has not, to the best of my knowl- 

 edge, been introduced into other provinces. This may be 

 owing to the fact that most of the experiments made with it 



