156 GRAPE CULTURE AND 



seems to succeed very well here, and fine wines have been 

 made from it. It needs somewhat long pruning and high 

 stakes to bring out its full bearing qualities. Vine a strong, 

 long jointed grower, wood grayish, with brown dots. Leaf 

 large, lobed, rough, dark green above, light green and tomen- 

 tose beneath, young points greenish white, tomentose. Bunch 

 full medium, shouldered, with rather long stem; berry oblong, 

 medium size, black with blue bloom, skin rather thick, moder- 

 ately juicy, good flavor. Ripens about the first of October. 



Mondeuse, Gros Sirah. This is closely related to the fore- 

 going, almost identical in growth and leaf, but a heavier bear- 

 er, a more compact bunch and larger berry. Said to make a 

 somewhat coarser wine than Petit Sirah, but very valuable for 

 blending. Ripens about the same time. 



Carignane, Synonym Crignane. This variety has proved 

 a fine grower and very abundant bearer here ; its young wines 

 rank with the finest reds I have tasted in the State, but it is 

 said to deteriorate with age. If this should be so, and it 

 seems to have the same record in France, there are certainly 

 ways and means of counteracting this, by judicious blending 

 with other varieties. Vine a strong grower, wood yellowish 

 brown, with white spots, young shoots green, tomentose, 

 tinged with red. Leaf large and thick, nearly heart shaped, 

 dark green and shining above, grayish green and tomentose 

 beneath, leaf stem thin. Bunch veiy large, moderately com- 

 pact, shouldered, stem long ; berry medium, slightly oblong, 

 black with blue bloom, thick skin, but sweet and juicy. 

 Ripens about first of October. 



Cabernet Sauvignon. This is the highest type of Bordeaux 

 claret, but unfortunately it is a shy bearer. Its aroma is so 

 peculiar and distinct, however, and at the same time so 

 strong, reminding of the frost grape flavor in the Clinton and 

 Canada, that a small proportion of it in fermentation will 

 give its peculiar character to other varieties rather deficient 



