WINE-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 157 



in flavor but good bearers. How far this can be carried, and 

 with what varieties it would make a good blend, remains to 

 be tried further. I would suggest the Mataro and Carignans. 



Vine a slender and rather weak grower, wood brown, with 

 a grayish cast, leaves light green, deeply lobed, rather small, 

 downish beneath, laterals abundant and small, points of 

 shoots gray with reddish tinge. Bunch rather small, loose, 

 shouldered; berry small, round, black, covered with blue 

 bloom, juicy and sweet, but with a peculiar aroma referred 

 to above. It is subject to Coulure, and bears small crops 

 generally, even with long pruning, but can hardly be dis- 

 pensed with, on account of its high character, which it will 

 impart to other varieties in fermentation. 



Cabernet Frane is closely related to it, but the leaves are 

 not so deeply lobed, and the grape of perhaps not quite so 

 high a quality, though it seems somewhat more productive. 



Chauche Noir. Synonyms, Blauer Burgunder, Blauer 

 Claevner, Black Pinot, Black Cluster, Black Riesling, Pinot 

 Noir, Black Morillion. This is one of the most famous red 

 wine grapes of 'Europe, forming the basis of the most re- 

 nowned French and German wines of the Burgundy type. It 

 is not a very heavy bearer, however, nor is it very intense in 

 color, and I believe that its true province here, is to make a 

 fine white wine from its first pressing, and the pom ice after 

 the pressing of this to be added to wines of deep color, such 

 as Zinfandel, Grosse Blaue, etc., to give bouquet and finesse. 



Vine a strong grower, stocky and heavy, with many branches 

 and laterals, close jointed; wood brownish gray, with black 

 spots, buds close, 2 to 3 inches, grayish, woolly. Leaves 

 medium size, roundish, with 3 to 5 lobes, dark green above, 

 lighter green below, tips of young shoots reddish gray, to- 

 mentose. Bunch small, sometimes shouldered, compact; 

 berry slightly oblong, black, with slight bloom, small, skin 

 thick, moderately juicy, fine flavor. Requires age, and long 



