WINE-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 159 



Vine, a good grower, productive. Leaf rather large, rough, 

 tomentose, slightly lobed. Bunch medium, shouldered, com- 

 pact. Berry oblong, blue, full, medium, ripens late. 



Spanna. Synonyms Nebbiolo, Nebbiolo D'Asti. An Italian 

 grape from which some of the most renowned wines of that 

 country are made. Wood vigorous, light brown, long jointed; 

 leaf large, tomentose, deeply lobed, stalk long. Bunch me- 

 dium to large, long, shouldered, loose, long stem; berry 

 roundish oblong, violet blue, thick skin, sweet and juicy, 

 ripens late. 



There are others that are very promising, but not fully 

 tried, and I think it best not to make too long a list. The 

 above will give choice enough, and also comprise some of the 

 best grapes for Port. Among those for coloring especially, 

 and worthy of a trial, I will name Pied de Perdrix, Petit 

 Bouschet, Alicanthe Bouschet, St. Macaire, Iloussard. 

 Among the varieties which make an excellent wine, but are 

 so unproductive that they will not pay for planting, I will 

 name the Malbeck, which nearly always drops its fruit with 

 coulure. 



GRAPES FOR THE MARKET AND RAISINS. 



I shall take these together, as some of the best market 

 grapes also make good raisins, and vice versa. Nor do I 

 ciaim to be s well versed in them, having made the best 

 wine grapes my special study. Yet the shipping of grapes to 

 market, as well as curing them for raisins, present two very 

 important branches of the industry, paying better at this time, 

 perhaps, than wine-making. Besides, many have conscien- 

 cious scruples against making wine, who yet would like to 

 engage in grape growing, and for these the shipping of grapes 

 and raisin-making offer a field which they can enter without a 

 twinge of conscience. While I do not share their views, but 

 believe in the introduction of pure light wines as the bes 

 promoter of true temperance, yet I respect the honest convic- 



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