180 GRAPE CULTURE AND 



LONG PRUNING AND TRAINING. 



We have some varieties which are shy bearers even with 

 this last mode of training, and which require still longer 

 pruning to produce paying crops, yet are so valuable that we 

 cannot well dispense with them. For these, I recommend 

 another variation, which I have practiced with splendid re- 

 sults, especially on /Kstivalis varieties, Herbemont, Lenoir, etc. 



Varieties adapted to this treatment. Sultana, Riesling, 

 Franken Riesling, Yellow Hosier, Petit Syrah, Cabernet 

 Sauvignon, Cabernet Frane, Chauche Noir, Trusseau, Em- 

 peror, Herbemont, Lenoir, Nortons. It. is simply a modifi- 

 cation of medium pruning, as described before. The vine is 

 treated the same way the third year, but for this method, six 

 foot stakes are needed, and the three canes, started at about 

 12 to 14 inches from the ground, are left somewhat longer. 

 The fourth season, instead of cutting out the bearing canes 

 of last year, I leave these for permanent arms, to last as long 

 as they are healthy aud sound, I cut all the strong, vigor- 

 ous shoots they may have, which have fully developed fruit 

 buds, to spurs of three to four buds each, up to two feet and 

 a half of the crown or head of the vine. This will give say- 

 three to three and a half feet. From here, I have a short 

 cane on each arm, to reach to the top of the stake, and tie 

 firmly with wire, with a strong tie of Phormium or twine 

 around the middle, to hold them to the stake, and prevent 

 their spreading. The next pruning,, I leave the old arms, and 

 from each of the spurs I select the strongest, as near the 

 base as possible, pruning it to three or four buds; so that for 

 each spur of the summer before, I have another, cutting out 

 the balance. The young cane at the end of each arm, I 

 either replace with another, or leave it, and cut its laterals 

 also to spurs. 



All varieties I have handled 'have produced satisfactory 

 crops under this treatment, except the Malbeck; which al- 



