WINE-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 197 



of the berries, while the cost is mainly in the application. 

 Sulphuring at time of bloom is also a partial preventative, 

 whether its evaporation counteracts the deleterious atmos- 

 pheric influences, or through its action as a fertilizer, or both,. 

 I do not pretend to decide, but there is no doubt in my mind 

 as to its beneficial results. Early pinching or summer prun- 

 ing before the bloom is one of the main preventatives. I 

 think I am also warranted in saying, that grafted vines are 

 less subject to it than those not grafted; and as French 

 authorities recommend girdling of the vine or shoot as a pre- 

 ventative, I hold that grafting, forming a temporary obstruc- 

 tion to the flow of the sap downwards, has a tendency to 

 make the vine set better. We know that grafted trees of any 

 kind set their fruit better than seedlings; it is reasonable there- 

 fore to infer the same of the vine. Ringing, or twisting a 

 wire temporarily around the cane or shoot early in spring, 

 will accomplish the same result, but this is a laborious pro- 

 cess, and also apt to injure the vine. Binding and twisting 

 the canes in long pruned varieties, or bending them in a cir- 

 cular hoop, will also tend to prevent coulure. 



Some very interesting observations on coulure in San 

 Diego County, by Mr. F. G. Morse, of the State University, 

 can be found in the Report of the Viticultural work of 1885- 

 1886, by Professor Hilgard, to which I refer those of my 

 readers who wish to inform themselves further. 



Red Leaf, (Spanish Measles), Anthracnose, Pocken des 

 Wdnstocks. Whether what we know by the two first names 

 is identical with what is known in France as Anthracnose, in 

 Germany as Pocken des Weinstocks, I am not quite sure, but 

 presume they are identical. It generally appears about mid- 

 summer, and I have mostly seen it on old Mission vines, 

 which had been pruned to the stool shape for quite a number 

 of years, and on which the saw had been formerly used. 

 The disease often attacks but a single spur, sometimes half of 



