WINE-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 241 



winery, manufactures mostly Sherry and Port, and his winery, 

 to a large extent built by himself, is a striking evidence of in- 

 dividual skill and enterprise. 



Sonoma county is the friendly rival of Napa in the pro- 

 duction of fine wines and large enterprises. Mr. J. de Turk, 

 the commissioner for that district and also one of the largest 

 wine makers, reports the crop of 1886 as 3,500,000 gallons 

 made from 25,000 tons of grapes. Mr. de Turk reports this 

 season's crop to be about 33 per cent, short of last year, 

 owing to frosts, coulure, and dry weather during vintage. 

 Among its largest producers and dealers are J. de Turk, E. 

 H. Sheppard, Kohler & Frohling, Chauvet, Aguillon at 

 Sonoma, and especially the venerable pioneers 'of grape cult- 

 ure, Mr. Craig, J. Gundlach, Julius Dresel. To these last 

 especially belongs the honor of making a reputation for 

 choice white wines for the State, as well as taking the initia- 

 tory steps of combating the phylloxera by the introduction 

 of American vines. I venture to say that there are not finer 

 white wines to be found in the State than at Gundlach's 

 Rhine farm at Sonoma, or the adjoining cellars of J. Dresel 

 & Co., nor can a more striking illustration of the complete 

 resistance of the Riparia be found than in their vineyards, 

 devastated by the insect ten years ago, planted with Riparias 

 in 1880, 1881-82, arfd since grafted with choice varieties. 

 They are the pioneers in this, and have done as much for 

 the permanent establishment of grape culture, even more, 

 than many a one who has planted a thousand acre vineyard. 



Capt. J. H. Drumrnond, of Glen Ellen, has done a great 

 work by importing the choicest varieties of vines, trying dif- 

 ferent methods of training them, and by his choice wines, 

 which have been favorably noticed at every exposition, dem- 

 onstrating the fact that California is qualified to rank with 

 any part of Europe in the production of choice wines. Mrs. 

 Kate F. Warfield and Mrs. Hood have demonstrated that 



