WINE-MAKING IN CALIFORNIA. 257 



The building is two stories and a half high. It is built of 

 stone, forty by sixty feet ; the lower story is almost entirely 

 under ground and twelve feet high; not arched, but with a 

 double floor above, which is supported by a double row of 

 strong wooden pillars, twelve feet from the wall. This gives 

 room for four rows of two thousand gallon casks, one on each 

 side, and two in the middle, with sufficient room between for 

 pumping and racking, handling of casks for transportation, 

 etc. It has two rows of six casks on each side, one row of 

 five casks across at the further end, and two rows of five 

 casks each in the middle, making a capacity of twenty-seven 

 thousand gallons, to which can be easily added five thousand 

 more by putting smaller casks on top. It is built into the 

 hill, with a double door, even with the ground below, towards 

 the northeast. The second story has the same dimensions, 

 but is above the ground, with its entrance from the south- 

 west, also double doors, and is used as a fermenting room. 

 It is only ten feet high, however, and contains two rows of 

 casks of one thousand gallons each in the middle, with 

 smaller casks and fermenting tanks on each side; also with a 

 double floor, supported by wooden pillars above. The third 

 story, or rather half story, contains the wine making appara- 

 tus, stemmer, crusher and two presses, a few tanks for fer- 

 menting white wines in smaller quantities ; boxes and other 

 implements used in wine making, and can also be used as a 

 shop in rainy days, to make cuttings, etc. It also has double 

 doors towards the southwest, and the grapes are handed over 

 a platform from the wagon, from which the approach is even 

 with the floor of the second story. Of course a steam stem- 

 mer and crusher could be put up in the upper story, and the 

 grapes run up by an elevator, if desired. All the stories are 

 connected by holes, through which hose can be run from the 

 press or any of the tanks or casks above, into the casks below; 

 and racking from the fermenting vats in third story, to the 



