276 GRAPE CULTURE AND 



their motto, even if attained at some physical sacrifice. 



Following the very interesting experiments of Professor 

 Hilgard, I give a treatise by R. D'Heureuse on air treatment, 

 communicated to the Grape Culturist, (a paper I was then 

 publishing in the interest of wine making and grape culture 

 in 1870). It will serve to show that the same principle,, 

 aeration, underlies all rational fermentation. It contains 

 much food for thought, and a great deal of sound theory,, 

 which has since been verified in other branches of industry. 

 That air treatment would be very beneficial to our California 

 wines, which contain a large amount of gluten, is evident; 

 and all modern writers on the subject advise it in some form 

 or other, either in the racking of wine, by letting it run, 

 through a faucet in a circular manner, through a rose, to 

 bring each particle of the young wine into contact with the 

 air, or by infusing air into the must by pumping through per- 

 forated hose. Many predictions of poor D'Huereuse, who 

 shared the fate of most inventors during his lifetime, have- 

 since been verified, and it affords me pleasure to contribute 

 thus towards "keeping his memory green." Small were his 

 thanks and his emoluments for bringing more light to bear 

 upon this important question, but the future may yet vindi- 

 cate his pet theory. It seems like prophesy to read his predic- 

 tions about concentrating must, shipping of grapes, centrali- 

 ization of wine industry, etc. The same great problems which 

 we are trying to solve, are ably forshadowed in his treatise, 

 and seem to reach fulfilment now. 



EXPERIMENTS ON METHODS OF FERMENTATION. 



In view of the great interest attaching to the determination 

 of the effect of various methods of fermentation upon the re- 

 sulting wines, a series of experimental fermentations with one 

 and the same kind of grape, treated differently both in re- 

 spect to temperature and the appliances used, was carried 

 out with the results given below, so far as the record reaches. 



