TEMPORARY PASTURES. 355 



however, it may be necessary first to bury a green crop, 

 as of rye, to put humus in the soil before the grains 

 are sown; or it may be necessary to apply some arti- 

 ficial fertility on the same. 



As a rule, the best results will be obtained from 

 sowing the hardy grasses in the autumn, north or 

 south. In the North it is important that these shall 

 be sown early in the autumn ; clovers at the North can 

 be sown in the spring or summer only; in the South 

 they may frequently be sown with advantage in the 

 autumn, as soon as the fall rains come. Plants, other 

 than grasses, sown to provide grazing but for one sea- 

 son should more commonly be sown as early as possible 

 in spring, but to this there are some exceptions. Win- 

 ter rye is sown in the autumn both north and south ; 

 in the South all the small cereal crops grown for such 

 grazing are better sown in the early autumn. Usually 

 in climates with sufficient rainfall, grasses and clovers 

 are preferably sown with nurse crops, whether sown 

 autumn or spring in the North ; in the South these are 

 frequently sown in autumn without nurse crops, since 

 when-thus sown they are soon ready for grazing. 



The question of adaptation of the grasses to the needs 

 of the land involves the study of the habits of growth 

 in each variety of plant grown and of adaptation of 

 soils to the growth in the same. The more rugged 

 grasses only should be grown under hard conditions 

 of soil and climate. Under favorable conditions of 

 both, varieties less rugged but probably intrinsically 

 more valuable, may be grown. Unless for purposes 

 of experiment, grasses of proved adaptation to the 



