PERMANENT PASTURES. 367 



hires composed of grasses, indigenous and introduced. 

 Which of these should be grown must be determined by 

 the individual needs of each farm and the conditions 

 relating to growth which appertain to the same. 



Indigenous Permanent Pastures. These are pastures 

 made up of a single grass or of a variety of grasses, that 

 are native to the locality. In some instances, they are 

 substantially composed of a single grass ; as for instance 

 blue grass; in other instances, many grasses grow in 

 them; such are the pastures of the open range. These 

 pastures are established by the hand of nature, and usu- 

 ally in areas where cultivation is not practicable. Under 

 such conditions, it is questionable whether the attempt 

 should be made to change the character of these pastures 

 by scattering the seed of other grasses. Of course, it is 

 different where cultivation is carried on. But such pas- 

 tures may be maintained in undiminished productive- 

 ness, by the way in which they are grazed, and by sup- 

 plementing careful grazing by such measures, as the re- 

 moval of encroaching shade when necessary and fertiliz- 

 ing when practicable. 



Introduced Permanent Pastures. These may be 

 composed of a single grass, as in the case of Russian 

 brome or of a very limited number, as in the case 

 of Kentucky blue and white clover, introduced into 

 areas from which the forest has been cleared away. 

 They may also be composed of a number of grasses 

 suited to growth in the district in which they are 

 grown. The number of varieties that may thus be 

 grown will vary with the* conditions. Usually, how- 

 ever, it is difficult, under any conditions, to maintain 



