PERMANENT PASTURES. 369 



in yield as to render it desirable to supplant them with 

 others, for which the ground has heen so prepared, that 

 they are likely to produce more abundantly than the 

 former, if left unbroken. Under arable conditions, 

 this form of permanent grazing is likely to be much 

 more extensively adopted than any other. The per- 

 manency of such pastures will be largely determined 

 by the degree of production. 



GRASSES ADAPTED TO VARIOUS SOILS. 



In laying down permanent pastures, due regard must 

 be had not only to climatic conditions but also to those 

 of soil. The mistake of trying to grow a grass on soil 

 uncongenial to it, is equally great with that of trying 

 to grow any kind of grain, under similar conditions. 

 It can only result in failure. Adaptation to soil con- 

 ditions with these grasses, grown in combination will 

 now be considered. 



For Upland Pastures. On ordinary soils, combina- 

 tions of grasses that will give the best results will vary 

 considerably with latitude and longitude. The best 

 single pasture for such a use in the northeastern states 

 and the eastern provinces of Canada, is Kentucky blue 

 grass; in the southeastern and southern states, Ber- 

 muda grass; in the region which has eastern Kansas 

 for its center, probably orchard grass ; in the American 

 and Canadian Northwest, Russian brome grass north- 

 ward and tall oat grass southward; and west of the 

 Cascades, small white clover or even the medium red 

 which has much permanency. In the locality first des- 

 ignated the best mixture on such uplands would include 



