MEADOWS AND MAKING HAY. 405 



ed in Chapters XV. and XVI., when discussing Pas 

 tures, Temporary and Permanent. 



For the Northeastern, tilaies. For the states inc'lud- 

 ed in this group, see p. 342, and for grasses for tem- 

 porary meadows, see p. 343. The best plant for up- 

 land soils and also for river bottoms, where it will grow 

 in this group of states and provinces, is alfalfa. On 

 the upland, it will succeed best on good soils, well en- 

 riched and underlaid with clay, not too dense to be 

 penetrated by the roots. The seed should be sown in 

 the spring about the end of the grain growing season, 

 by hand or with such machines as will do the work prop- 

 erly. It is preferably sown alone but may be sown 

 with various nurse crops and at the rate of 15 to 20 

 pounds of seed per acre. This subject is further dis- 

 cussed in "Clovers and How to Grow Them" by the 

 author. The best permanent hay grass for soils inclin- 

 ing to light, is Russian brorne, sown at the rate of 20 

 pounds per acre (see p. 181). The best grasses for 

 permanent meadows on productive upland soils are tim- 

 othy and redtop, sown at the rate of 6 pounds of the 

 former and G or 7 of the latter. The best average per- 

 manent meadow grasses, sown in combination for low- 

 lands are timothy, redtop and alsike clover, sown at the 

 rate of 4, 4 and 3 pounds, respectively, per acre. On 

 some low lands, fowl meadow makes excellent perma- 

 nent meadow, and possibly also meadow foxtail. 



Annuals grown for hay in this group are crimson 

 clover, the various kinds of millet, oats, peas and vetch- 

 es; crimson clover and the millets ars usually sown 

 alone; oats are also frequently sown thus, but often also 



