G6 EFFECTS OF WIND AND CURRENT CHARTS. 



make a brief extract from Hunt's " Merchants* 

 Magazine" of 1854, as given in a foot-note in 

 Maury's " Physical Geography of the Sea : " 



" Now, let us make a calculation of the annual 

 saving to the commerce of the United States effected 

 by these charts and sailing directions. According 

 to Mr. Maury, the average freight from the United 

 States to Rio Janeiro is 17.7 cents per ton per day ; 

 to Australia, 20 cts. ; to California, also about 

 20 cts. The mean of this is a little over 19 cts. 

 per ton per day; but, to be within the mark, we 

 will take it at 15, and include all the ports of South 

 America, China, and the East Indies. 



" The sailing directions have shortened the pas- 

 sage to California 30 days ; to Australia, 20 ; to Rio 

 Janeiro, 10. The mean of this is 20 ; but we will 

 take it at 15, and also include the above-named 

 ports of South America, China, and the East Indies. 



" We estimate the tonnage of the United States 

 engaged in trade with these places at 1,000,000 tons 

 per annum. 



" With these data, we see that there has been 

 effected a saving for each one of these tons, of 15 

 cents per day for a period of 15 days, which will give 

 an aggregate of $2,250,000 (468,750) saved per 

 annum. This is on the outward voyage alone, and 

 the tonnage trading with all other parts of the 

 world is also left out of the calculation. Take 

 these into consideration, and also the fact that there 

 is a vast amount of foreign tonnage trading between 



