44 THE OCEAN WORLD. 



covered Spitsbergen, wliich was again seen by Hendrich Hudson, who 

 sailed up to and beyond tbe eighty-second parallel. Three years later 

 Hudson gave bis name to tbe great Labrador Bay, but be could get 

 no farther. His crew also revolted, and be was left in the ship's 

 launch with his son, seven sailors, and the carpenter, who remained 

 faithful. Thus perished one of our greatest navigators. 



The Island of Jan Mayen was discovered in 1611 ; the channel 

 which Baffin took for a bay, and which bears his name, was discovered 

 in 1616. Behring discovered, in his first voyage in 1727, the strait 

 which separates Siberia from America ; he sailed through it in 1741, 

 but his ship w T as stranded, and he himself died of scorbutic disease. 



In the year 1771 the Polar Sea was discovered by Hearne, a fur 

 merchant ; it was explored long after by Mackenzie. 



From the year 1810, when Sir John Boss, Franklin, and Parry 

 turned their attention to the Arctic regions, these expeditions to the 

 Polar Seas rapidly succeeded each other. In 1827 Parry reached the 

 eighty-second degree of north latitude; and in 1845 Sir John Frank- 

 lin, with the ships Erebus and Terror, and their crews, departed on 

 their last voyage, from which neither he nor his companions ever 

 returned. There is now no doubt that they perished miserably, after 

 having discovered the north-west passage, which Captain M'Clure also 

 discovered, coming from the opposite direction, in 1850. In 1855 the 

 expedition of Dr. Elisha Kane found the sea open from the Pole. 



The Antarctic Pole had in the meantime attracted the attention of 

 navigators. In 1772 the Dutch captain, Kerguelen, discovered an 

 island which he took for a continent. In 1774 Captain Cook explored 

 these regions up to the seventy-first degree of latitude. James 

 Weddell, in a small whaler, sailed past this parallel in 1823. Biscoe 

 discovered Enderby's Land in 1831. The Zelee and Astrolabe , under 

 the command of Captain Dumont D'Urville, of the French Marine, 

 and the American expedition, under Captain "Wilkes, reached the 

 same region in 1838. The former discovered Adelia's Land. Finally, 

 in 1841 , Sir James Clark Boss, nephew of Sir John Koss, with the 

 Erebus and Terror, penetrated up to the seventy-eighth degree south 

 latitude. Here he discovered the volcanic islands which he named 

 after his ships, and, farther to the south, a new continent or land, 

 which he called Victoria's Land. 



