ACTINIARIA. 



191 



in the sands on the shore, while Cocks describes them " as attaching 

 themselves to shells and stones in deep water, or attached on the 

 littoral to the sides of rocks, in crevices, or on the face of clean stones 

 in sheltered places." The hody is variegated, green, and red ; the 

 tentacles thick, short, and greyish, with broad roseate bands. 



The Anemones belonging to the fourth 

 section, or tap-rooted actinia, have the 

 base small, and terminating in a 

 rounded point, and the body much 

 elongated, as in Edwardsia Calimor- 

 pha (Fig. 80), in which the body 

 is non-adherent, somewhat worm-like, 

 having the mouth and tentacula seated 

 on a retractile column, the lower ex- 

 tremity inflated, membranous, and re- 

 tractile. 



In the great family of the Actinia- 

 rians, Milne Edwards forms a special 

 group of the Phyllactinse. In this 

 group the polyps are simple, fleshy, 

 and present at once simple and com- 

 posite tentacula. Such is Pliylladis 

 prsetexta (Fig. 81), which is found in Fig ' 80 - Edwarilda Calimorpha (Gosse) ' 

 the neighbourhood of Eio Janeiro. The zoophyte fixes itself upon 

 the rocks on the sea shore, and covers itself with sand. Its trunk, 

 of cylindrical form, is of a flesh-colour, with vertical lines, having red 

 points. The interior tentacles form two simple elongated rows ; the 

 exterior tentacles are spatulate and lobed, not very unlike the leaves 

 of the oak. 



Another group, that of the Thalassianthidae, is distinguished from 

 the preceding by having all its tentacula short, pinnate, and branching, 

 or papilliferous. One species only is known, T. aster, of a slate colour, 

 which inhabits the Red Sea. 



In the last group of Actiniadre, as arranged by Milne Edwards, the 

 polypes occur in clusters, and are multiplied by buds, rising from a 

 common creeping, root-like, fleshy base ; they thus present a sort of 

 coriaceous polypier, as in Zoanthus socialis (Fig. 82). In the British 

 Channel this species, which Dr. Johnston has named Z. Couchii, after 



