a) VERTICAL, b.d., bulbus duodeni. 



(/>) HORIZONTAL. D.C., descending colon; i.e., iliac colon; 

 P.O., pelvic colon; u., umbilicus. 



FIG. 167. Composite drawings of the alimentary canal to show the average 

 rate in which the food passes through the normal intestines. 



The numbers in these figures represent the time after a bismuth or barium meal in which the dif- 

 ferent parts of the colon were reached. The tracings were made orthodiagraphically and are 

 therefore to scale and not distorted. 



(From Hurst's ' Constipation.') 



