XVI 



CONTENTS 



CHAPTER XI 



SECRETION 



MM 



Secretion of Water ... - 333 



Microscopic Changes in Gland Cells - 33.". 



Change of Permeability- - - 336 



The Glomerulus of the Kidney - 336 



Work done in Secretion ... - 338 



Osmotic Work 33H 



Alkaline and Acid Secretions - - 341 



Oxygen Consumption and Chemical Work 342 



Formation of Heat - - - 343 



Modes of Excitation 343 



Chemical 344 



Nervous 345 



The Secretory Process .... 348 



Anabolic or Inhibitory Nerves - - - 349 



Artificial Perfusion of Glands - 349 



Electrical Changes 350 



Production of Lymph - - - 352 



Adaptation 352 



The Kidney 



Absorption of Water by Tubules - 



Secretion by Tubules 



Absorption of Solutes by Tubules - 

 The Normal Process 



The Nervous Mechanism of the Kidney 



Diuretics 



Certain Peculiar Forms of Secretion - 



Acid and Alkali 



Sepia 



Poisons 



Hirudin 



Silk 



The Gas Bladder - 



Luminous Substances - 



Electrical Organs - 

 Summary - 

 Literature 



CHAPTER XII 

 DIGESTION 



Intracellular Digestion 



Phagocytosis - 



Digestion in the Sea-Anemone 

 General Plan in the Higher Animals 

 Movements 

 The Secretion of the Digestive Juices 



Saliva 



Gastric Juice- 



The Pancreas 



The Bile 



Succus Entericus - 



365 

 365 

 366 

 366 

 366 

 370 

 :<7-2 

 372 

 372 

 37'2 

 372 



The Changes in the Food - 



Disintegration 

 Rumination 



Carbohydrates 



Cellulose - ... 



Digestion and Absorption of Proteins 



Digestion of Fats - 

 Absorption of Fats - 

 Absorption of Water and Salts - 

 Summary - 

 Literature 



PAK 



353 

 354 

 356 

 3.->c. 

 357 

 :r.s 

 358 



359 

 360 

 360 

 361 



3(11 



308 



3t;-2 

 362 



372 



372 

 373 



373 



373 

 374 

 .ST.'. 

 37.-. 

 37.-. 



CHAPTER XIII 



EXCITATION AND INHIBITION 



The Process of Excitation in Nerve - - 378 



Heat - - 378 



Carbon Dioxide 379 



Electrical Change - - - 379 



Methods of Stimulation - 380 



"All or Nothing"- - 383 

 Disturbances of Different Kinds in 



Nerve - - 387 



Refractory State - 389 



Fatigue - 390 



Summation and Facilitation - 31)1 



The Electrical Response 391 



Rate of Conduction .... ;{<._> 



Changes in Permeability - 392 



The Nernst Theory of Excitation - - 393 



Structure of Nerve .... 395 



The Nature of the Nerve Impulse - 3'.r, 



The Process of Excitation in Muscle 'Ml 



Latent Period .'i'is 



Other Excitable Substances - - 399 



Receptive Substances 400 



Optimal Rates of Incidence of Energy - 400 

 Connection Between Nerve and 



Muscle - - 401 



Inhibition - 401 



Smooth Muscle i3 



H.-art 4<M1 



Balancing Against Excitation - 407 



Secretion 408 



Inhibition contd. 



Nerve Centres - - 



Balancing Against Excitation 



Inhibition of Inhibition - - 



" Shock " and " Decerebrate Rigidity 



Action of the Anode - - 



Chemical Agents - - 



Theories of Inhibition ... 



Physical Interference - - 



Wedensky Inhibition 



Nutrition Theories - - 



Fatigue and Inhibitii in . 



Drainage or Diversion Theories - 

 Nerve " Energy " 



Block ..... 



Macdonald's View - 



The Synaptic Membrane 

 Reversal Effects - 



Strychnine - - 



Chloroform 



Under Normal Conditions - - 



Peripheral Reversals - .. 

 Excitability in Plants 



Electrical Change - 



Conduction - 



Changes of Permeability - 



Hoinogentisic Acid 

 Summary - 

 Literature 



376 



409 

 412 

 415 

 416 

 417 

 418 

 418 

 119 

 r_'u 

 4'21 

 4-2-2 

 424 

 424 

 !_>;, 

 426 

 4-2(1 

 |-.'7 

 427 

 428 

 428 

 t-js 

 l-_".t 

 430 

 131 

 i:;i 

 432 

 432 

 435 



