CONTENTS 



xix 



CHAPTER XX 

 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION 



PAGE 



Active Oxygen - - 580 



Autoxidation - - - - - - 581 



Peroxides and their Catalysts - - 582 



Catalytic Activation of Peroxides - 583 



Peroxidases 584 



Guaiacum Reaction - - - 584 

 Oxidases - ... 535 

 Enzymes concerned with Reduction - - 53G 

 Hydrolytic - oxidative - reducing Reac- 

 tions 586 



Perhydridase - - - 587 



Reducase - - ... 588 



Cannizzaro's Reaction - 588 



The Guaiacum Reaction of Blood - 589 



Tyrosinase .... - 589 



The Oxidation System of the Cell - 



Structure .... 



Permeability - 



Increase of Differentiation 



The Cell Membrane 



Effect of Cyanide 



Relation to Catalysts 

 Energetics of Oxidation in Cells 

 The Oxidation Potential of Cells in the 



Organism 



The Production of Light - 



The Colours of Flowers 



Summary - 



Literature- ------ 



PAOB 

 589 

 589 

 591 

 591 

 501 

 591 

 592 

 593 



594 

 595 

 597 

 597 

 599 



CHAPTER XXI 

 RESPIRATION 



History of the Discovery of Oxygen - - 600 

 The Storage of Oxygen - - - 606 

 Relation of Oxygen Tension to Con- 

 sumption 609 



Narcosis - - - - - - - 609 



Anaerobic Existence 610 



Energetics - - - - - - 611 



The Oxygen Consumption of Tissues - 612 



Haemoglobin 613 



Iron Content - - - - - - 614 



Dissociation of Calcium Carbonate - 615 



The Phase Rule 616 



Sodium Bicarbonate - - - 618 

 Reducible Dye-Stuffs - - - - 618 

 Adsorption ..... 618 

 Relation of Temperature to Dissocia- 

 tion 619 



Haemoglobin contd. 



Effect of Salts and of Acid - - - 622 



Action of Carbon Monoxide - - - 625 



Optical Properties - - - - 625 



Chemical Constitution - 625 



Methods of Investigation - - 625 



The Lungs - 625 



Tension of a Gas ... - 627 



Oxygen Secretion - - - 628 



The Regulation of Respiration - - 630 

 By Hydrogen Ion Concentration of the 



Blood 631 



The Nervous Mechanism - 632 



Apnoea - - - - - - - 634 



Effects of Want of Oxygen - 634 



Summary - 635 



Literature 636 



CHAPTER XXII 



ELECTRICAL CHANGES IN TISSUES 



Methods of Investigation - - - - 637 



Galvanometers .... 637 



Inertia of Moving Parts - - - 637 



Damping ....... 638 



Period of Vibration - - 638 



Figure of Merit 639 



String Galvanometer 640 



Electrometers - - - 640 



The Circuit - - - - - 642 



Rheotomes 642 



Origin of Potential Differences in Tissues 643 



Examples - 

 Nerve 

 Muscle - 



Smooth Muscle 

 The Heart - 

 Secreting Glands 

 Electrical Fish 

 Plant Tissues 

 Summary 

 Literature 



CHAPTER XXIII 



THE CIRCULATION OP THE BLOOD 



HISTORY 666 



THE HEART ------ 673 



THE WORK OF THE HEART 673 



INTRA VENTRICULAR PRESSURE 673 



THE HEART SOUNDS - - - - 675 



RELATION OF ACTIVITY TO OXYGEN 



CONSUMPTION 677 



THE ORIGIN OF THE HKART BEAT - - 678 



ELECTROCARDIOGRAM ... - 680 



THE HEART contd. 

 THE CORONARY CIRCULATION 

 METHODS OF INVESTIGATION - 

 THE NERVOUS MECHANISM OFTHE HEART- 

 BEAT 



Inhibition - 

 Augmentor Nerves 

 Reflexes to Heart Nerves - 



650 

 650 

 651 

 652 

 654 

 658 

 658 

 660 

 662 

 663 



680 

 680 



681 

 681 

 6S4 

 684 



