Introduction. 



19 



verted into a membranous or leathery covering, which wraps 

 the insect closely up like a mummy : in this condition it is 

 termed Pupa, from its resemblance to an infant in swaddling 

 bands. Nympha, or nymph, is another term given to insects 

 in this stage ;* moreover from the pupae of many of the 

 butterflies appearing gilt as if with gold, the Greeks called 

 them Chrysalides, and the Romans Aurelice, and hence 

 naturalists frequently call a pupa chrysalis, even when it is 

 not gilt. We shall see, as we proceed, the curious contri- 

 vances resorted to for protecting insects in this helpless 

 state. The following are examples of insects in the imago, 

 or perfect state. 



Insects in the Imago or perfect state. 



a, Nemopteryx coa, LEACH. b, Myrmeleon formicalynx, FABRICITTS. c, Hesperia comma, 

 FABKICIUS. d, Nepa cinerea, LINNAEUS. 



After a certain time, the insect which has remained in its 

 pupa-case, like a mass of jelly without shape, is gradually 



* Generally to amctabolous pupae. 



