CONTENTS. 



Opinion of Hattarf and Schirach . . . ." . 257 



Huber's experiments and conclusion ..... ib. 



.Disbelieved by practical bee proprietors .... 258 



Massacre of the male bees ...... . 259 



Objections of Bonnet ....... ib. 



Reaumur's observations confirmed by Huber . . . 260 



Males sometimes preserved ..... . 261 



Remark of Bonner confirmed by Huber . . . . . ib. 



CHAPTER XI. MIGRATIONS OF INSECTS. 



Artificial migrations . . ....... 262 



Sheep on the Alps ........ ib. 



Bee caravans of Germany ...... . ib. 



Bee barges in France and Egypt ..... ib. 



Local stations of insects ....... 263 



Capricious flight of insects ...... 265 



Destructive migrations ......... 266 



Perishing of butterflies in the sea ..... ib. 



Migrations of the painted lady butterfly . . . ib. 



Migrations of ladybirds ....... 267 



Migrations of aphides ........ 268 



Description of the locust from Joel ..... 269 



Verified by Barrow ........ ib. 



Progress and destruction, according to Jacksou . . . 270 



Haselquist's account . . . . . . . ib. 



Observations of Irby and Mangles ..... 271 



Illustrations from the Lemming rat ..... ib. 



-- from the land crab ..... 272 



Diffusive migrations ......... 273 



Migrations of ants ....... . ib. 



Decamping of garden ants ....... 276 



Non-migratory disposition of the yellow ants . , , 278 



Observations and experiments of Huber . . . . ib. 



Emigrations of young spiders ...... 281 



Migrations of bees ......... 282 



Causes investigated by Reaumur ..... 283 



Remarks of Dr. Warder and Mr T. Knight . . . .284 



Instance by Dr. Evans ....... 285 



Reaumur does not believe in bee spies . . . ib. 



Description of swarming, from Huber .... 287 



Indications of swarming ....... 288 



Importance of fine weather ...... 289 



Proceedings of the queen ....... 290 



CHAPTER XII. GOVERNMENT OF INSECT COMMUNITIES. 



Division of labour ......... 292 



Insects unimproveable by age ...... 293 



Remarks of Kirby and Bonnet . ..... in. 



Government of termites . . 29-4 



Ranks and sexes in the community . . ib. 



Proceedings of the king and queen ..... 296 



Duties of the labourers and soldiers ..... 297 



Government of ants (Formicidce) ....... ib. 



Whether the females possess authority .... 298 



Sentinel ants ......... lb - 



Observations of Gould ....... 2 " 



Female ants not sovereigns ... 301 



Plans of individuals adopted and opposed ... 302 



