386 INSECT MISCELLANIES. 



made nearly two centuries ago, has made the basis 

 of his system. 



Swammerdam's Classification. 



I. Transformations immediate,the insects beinghatched 



perfectly formed fleas, spiders, &c, 

 II. Transformations taking place Under a covering* 

 locusts, crickets, bugs, dragon-flies, May-flies, &c. 



III. Transformations with a pupa-case intermediate * 



beetles, bees, wasps, saw-flies, gnats, &c. 

 Transformations in the pupa state obtected moths 

 and butterflies. 



IV. Transformations in the pupa state eoarctate, 

 ichneumons, flies, &c. 



Ray and Willughby*s Classification. 

 I. INSECTS UNDERGOING NO TRANSFORMATIONS 



1, Without feet ( J Asr^) : 



a, Land Insects, including worms, &c. (Ter* 



restrict). 



b, Water Insects, including Leeches, &c. (Aqua- 



tica). 



2. With feet (Pedata) : 



a, With six feet (Hexapoda). 

 Land Insects (Terrestria) t 



Larger, including lignivorous larvse (Majora). 

 Less, including lice and springtails (Minora). 

 Water Insects, including the river shrimp 

 (Aquatica). 



b, With eight feet (Octopoda). 

 With tails scorpions (Caudata). 

 Without tails spiders, mites (Non caudata). . 



c, With fourteen feet woodlice (Twffapsxufe* 



XC&VfOQOL), 



*In explaining Swammerdam's system, Kirby and Spence use 

 the terms of "complete" and incomplete " which are not in 

 the original. 



