MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. 105 



IX. MOSSES AND LIVERWORTS. 



MATERIAL REQUIRED. 



A collection of common mosses of different genera, e.g. Bryum, 

 Climacium, Mnium, Polytrichum, Cylindrothecium, Sphagnum, 

 and others. AVith care in selecting, and by gathering material 

 at different times, some specimens will be obtained in fruit, 

 others in the vegetative condition, and still others with arche- 

 gonia and antheridia. 



A similar collection of liverworts, including representatives of the 

 genera Conocephalus, Lunularia, Riccia, Porella, etc. 



MOSSES. Musci. 

 General Characters. 



Without selecting one species for exclusive study, com- 

 pare the different kinds of mosses in the collection that 

 has been made, and ascertain what general characters they 

 have in common. Notice 



I. Their choice of locality. By what does it appear 

 to be determined? Are the habits of the different species 

 alike in this respect? 



II. Whether they grow separately or in tufts. 



III. The differentiation of vegetative organs. Is there 

 a plain distinction of root, stem, and leaf? If so, is it 

 equally marked in the different species ? 



IV. Differences of size, color, and other specific char- 

 acters. 



