22 HORSE MANAGEMENT IN INDIA. 



up the while till it thickens. It should then be re- 

 moved and allowed to cool. 



Gruel should be given to the horse in a lukewarm 

 state, while its consistency should be little greater than 

 that of milk. It may be flavoured with salt or sugar 

 according as the horse may like it. 



Gram. This grain, known as chunna, is very com- 

 monly used throughout Northern India and the Bom- 

 bay Presidency. It is objectionable on account of its 

 tendency to cause diarrhoea, and to induce a " foul " and 

 " heated " state of the system, when given in large 

 amounts, say, anything above lOfos. daily. It is best 

 used in combination with oats, Indian corn, barley, 

 or rice in husk. 



Gram a year old should be chosen in preference to 

 new. It should be given in a broken state and always 

 dry. The practice of steeping gram in water is in- 

 jurious. 



Kultliee is extensively employed throughout Mad- 

 ras and Bombay. It seems superior, as a food' for 

 horses, to chunna, when either grain is used alone ; 

 and, in limited quantities, has an excellent effect on 

 the general condition and coat. On account of the 

 hardness of the husk, it has to be given in a boiled 

 state. Only just enough water to cook it should be 

 used, so that, when fully done, the fluid, which remains 

 over in the pot, may be absorbed on cooling. The 

 steam should be allowed to escape, so that the kulthee 

 may become as dry as possible. It is veiy similar in 

 its composition to gram, and may be used in the same 

 combinations with oats, &c. 



