SPRAYING APPARATUS. 151 



thoroughly a large apple tree. Still the cyclone nozzle has 

 been used to some advantage against the gypsy moth by 

 uniting four nozzles in one (Fig. 

 10) and slightly enlarging their aper- 

 tures. The nozzles radiate some- 

 what so that the spray from the 

 four covers a much larger field than 

 that from only one. The amount 

 of the spray thrown in a given 

 time, as well as the area of the 

 foliage covered, is more than quad- 

 rupled. Yet clogging occurs more Fl 

 frequently on account of the greater number of nozzles. 



The Vermorel modification of the cyclone nozzle (Plate 

 XX1IL, Fig. 1) is an improvement on the original inven- 

 tion. It throws more liquid than the cyclone but gives a 

 fine, even spray which, because of its fineness, cannot be 

 projected to a distance. This spray will drift on the wind, 

 however, so that spraying can be done for some distance to 

 the leeward of the operator. Though this nozzle uses less 

 of the spraying fluid than the Gem or Lowell nozzles, it 

 uses more than the cyclone and therefore will spray more 

 rapidly than the latter. It distributes the spray more finely 

 and evenly than the Gem or Lowell nozzles and gives better 

 satisfaction in spraying small trees or shrubbery. Experi- 

 ments indicate that in the number of caterpillars killed, there 

 is a slight difference in favor of the 

 Vermorel nozzle over the nozzles 

 previously mentioned. Spraying 

 may be done more rapidly by at- 

 taching two or more nozzles to the 

 same hose by means of the Y coup- 

 ling (Fig. 11). 



The Vermorel nozzle consists of 

 a short brass tube bent at right 

 angles, having a coupling at one 

 end by means of which it is at- 



FIG. 11. Y nozzle. 



tached to the hose and at the other 



end entering at right angles a small cylinder, which is divided 



by a transverse partition into two chambers. 



