INJURIES IN THE OLD WORLD. 279 



caterpillars. In another village he saw, some time later on 

 a fine day, caterpillars of this same species swaying on long 

 threads from apple trees in an orchard, and which, although 

 there was no wind, were directed towards a neighboring 

 orchard which the owner had always kept carefully cleared 

 of caterpillars and egg-clusters, and who had often com- 

 plained of the laziness and ill-will of his neighbor. On the 

 highway in Herms village, in Glogau, the same summer, a 

 large apple tree was eaten almost bare of leaves, and the fe- 

 male moths were laying their eggs on the trunk. Later in the 

 season Dohrn states that he saw the tenant carefully scrap- 

 ing off the egg-clusters, even from the highest branches, and 

 he expected the tree would be quite free from these caterpil- 

 lars the next year ; but to his astonishment, in the following 

 July, it was full of gypsy moth caterpillars, and eaten bare. 

 The tenant said he would do nothing more in future, since 

 all his work was of no avail ; but, upon questioning him as 

 to whether he had burned the eggs, he replied that such a 

 thing had not occurred to him. He had simply trodden all 

 the egg-clusters and scrapings into the ground, where they 

 had been preserved, and the caterpillars, hatching out the fol- 

 lowing year, found their way up into the tree. 



In an article in the " Bullettino della Societa Entomologica 

 Italiana," Vol. Ill, page 360, 1871, published in Florence, 

 Italy, Apelle Dei has an article on the "Ravages of Insects 

 in the Senesian Country," in which he mentions the gypsy 

 moth, stating that it had ravaged the oak forests of the high 

 Chianti for many years, and during the year 1871 they had 

 stripped the forests of Chianti to an extent and with a sever- 

 ity that was frightful, and that many of the oaks had been 

 destroyed. Dubois, in his " Lepidopteres de Belgique," 

 Vol. II, published in Brussels in 1874, states that in 1858, 

 Brussels and its neighborhood suffered very much from the 

 ravages of the gypsy moth, notably the boulevards and park. 



Porchinsky, in his work on "Insects Injurious to Fruit 

 Gardens in the Crimea, Russia," published in St. Petersburg 

 in 1889, states that the gypsy moth caterpillar appears in the 

 Crimea not unfrequently in enormous quantities. This hap- 

 pened in 1842, and also in the early sixties and seventies. 

 Especially during 1871 were the gardens of the Crimea nearly 



