334 THE GYPSY MOTH. 



including the cremaster, or blunt spine at the end of the 

 abdomen, while thp^e of the females vary from three-fifths to 

 one and two-fifths inches. Fig. 5, Plate I, was taken from 

 one of extraordinary size. The following description was 

 made from the study of thirty-nine males and one hundred 

 and twenty-one females : 



They vary in color from chocolate to dark reddish-brown, 

 and are cylindrical or fusiform, rounded anteriorly and taper- 

 ing posteriorly to the cremaster, which is armed at the tip 

 with a cluster of minute hooks, one of which is shown at 

 Fig. 7, greatly enlarged. The covers to the various parts 

 of the body, as the wings, legs, antennae, etc., are plainly 

 marked ; those of the wings are quite broad, and reach to 

 the posterior third of the fifth segment, while those of the 

 antennae are strongly curved, being much wider in the 

 males than in the females. At the front edge of the meso- 

 thorax, on each side, is an oval, dark reddish-brown velvety 

 spot, very distinct in some examples but nearly invisible in 

 others. Ochre-yellow hairs, arranged in groups, occur on 

 the eye, head and palpi covers, across the collar and thorax, 

 and in eight equidistant rows along the abdominal segments. 

 Some of the hairs in the groups across the collar and thorax 

 are dark brown. The abdominal segments are more or less 

 punctured, and the hairs arise in small circles. At the base 

 of the cremaster, on the ventral side, is an elliptical depres- 

 sion, with curved ridges on each side. In the males, on the 

 middle of this segment, in front of the depression, is a small 

 raised tubercle, with a longitudinal slit on the top of it 

 (Fig. 5), while in the females this tubercle is wanting; on 

 the extreme front edge of this same segment, however, there 

 is a fine longitudinal slit, but the surface at this place is not 

 raised (Fig. 6). 



Attached Pupae. In order to determine the best plan for 

 raising the finest specimens of gypsy moths, a number of 

 experiments were made in the laboratory. In six of the ex- 

 periments the pupse were fastened to the bottom of a small 

 pasteboard box, in which they were confined by means of a 

 pin put through the little bunch of silk at the end of the cre- 

 master, and then into the bottom of the box. The moths all 

 emerged from these pupse, and were in good condition. In 



