A N I 



A N O 



namely, Vertebrata, Mollusca, Articulata, 

 and Radiata. 



In the first of these divisions is in- 

 cluded man, and all those animals having 

 the brain and principal trunk of the ner- 

 vous system enclosed in a bony case, or 

 envelope, formed by the skull and ver- 

 tebrae. The division Vertebrata, or as it 

 has been also termed Spini-Cerebrata, 

 comprises Mammalia, Aves, Reptilia, 

 Amphibia, Pisces. All these have red 

 blood, a muscular heart, a mouth with 

 two jaws, placed one above the other ; 

 organs of taste, smell, sight and hearing, 

 placed in the cavities of the face ; never 

 more than four limbs, and the sexes 

 always separated. 



The second division, Mollusca, or Cy- 

 clo-gangliata, comprises Cephalopoda, 

 Pteropoda, Gasteropoda, Conchifera, Tu- 

 nicata. These all possess no skeleton, 

 and from that circumstance have been 

 called soft animals, or Mollusca. The 

 muscles are attached to the skin ; they 

 have no articulated members ; they pos- 

 sess a heart and blood-vessels, and their 

 circulation is double. Some are destitute 

 of an external covering, and are called 

 Mollusca nuda ; others are enclosed in a 

 shell, and these are termed Mollusca 

 testacea. When the shell consists of one 

 piece only, it is called univalvular ; if of 

 two pieces, bi valvular ; and when it con- 

 sists of a greater number, multivalvular. 



The third division, Articulata, or Dip- 

 lo-Neura, comprises Crustacea, Arach- 

 nida, Insecta, Myriapoda, Annelida, Cir- 

 rhopoda, Rotifera, Entozoa. In the Ar- 

 ticulata may be observed the transition 

 from circulation in closed vessels to nu- 

 trition by imbibition, and the correspond- 

 ing transition from respiration in circum- 

 scribed organs to that effected by tracheae, 

 or air vessels, distributed throughout the 

 body. In the Crustacea, the nervous sys- 

 tem is disposed in the form of two abdo- 

 minal chords, and this form can be traced 

 through the whole of the third division, 

 from Crustacea to Entozoa. 



The fourth division, Radiata, or Cyclo- 

 neura, includes Echinoderma, Acalepha, 

 Polypiphera, Poriphera, and Polygastrica. 

 These animals, forming the lowest in the 

 scale of creation, have been also called 

 Zoophytes. Many of them bear a great 

 resemblance to plants. 

 ANNE'LIDANS. ) (from annellus, a small 

 ANNELI'DES. $ ring, Lat.) Worms with 

 red blood, whose bodies are composed of 

 rings. Professor Buckland observes, 

 " We have abundant evidence of the early 

 and continued prevalence of that order 

 of Annelidans, which formed shelly cal- 

 careous tubes, in the occurrence of fossil 

 serpulee, in nearly all formations, from the 



transition periods to the present time.' ; 

 The shores of the sea, the moist sands of 

 coasts, as well as the soils of all countries, 

 are inhabited by myriads of worms, which 

 are found to contain a red-coloux - ed fluid, 

 circulating in veins and arteries. These 

 constitute the red bloody worms of na- 

 turalists, the lt vers a sang rouge" of Cu- 

 vier. The term annelida is most fre- 

 quently applied to them, from their being 

 surrounded by rings, extending from the 

 anterior to the posterior part of the 

 body. Prof. Grant. 



A'NNOLIS. An American animal, resem- 

 bling a lizard. 



A'NNUAL. (from annus, Lat. annuel, Fr. 

 annuale, It.) 



1. That which comes yearly. 



2. That which lasts only a year. 

 A'NNULAR. (from annulus, Lat. annulaire, 



Fr. annulario, It.) In the form of a 

 ring. 



ANNULA'RIA. A species of phalsena, of 

 the geometra section. 



A'NNULATE. (annulatus, Lat.) Formed or 

 divided into distinct rings, or marked with 

 differently-coloured annulations ; sur- 

 rounded by rings. 



ANNULA'TION. Circular, or ring-like for- 

 mations. 



A'NNULOSE. Furnished with rings ; com- 

 posed of rings. The annulose animals 

 form two great series ; those without 

 jointed feet, viz. vermes, annulosa, cirri- 

 peda ; and those with jointed feet, name- 

 ly, insecta, myriapoda, arachnida, crus- 

 tacea. 



ANOCY'STI. The incongruous assemblage 

 of fossil substances, termed echinites, have 

 been arranged by Leske into two classes : 

 the first class is that of the anocysti, the 

 vent of which is in the vertex. This class 

 is arranged under two divisions, Cidaris 

 and Clypeus. 



ANODO'NTA. A form of bivalvular mol- 

 lusc, with a transverse shell, having three 

 muscular impressions : the hinge plain, 

 having no appearance of a tooth. 



ANO'MIA. A genus of molluscous multi- 

 valve. The anomise are inhabitants of 

 every sea, and are found adhering to fo- 

 reign bodies by means of an operculum, 

 or valve. 



ANO'MITE. A fossil shell of the genus 

 Anomia. 



ANOMORHOMBOI'DA. ) (from avojwoioc, ir- 



ANOMORHO'MBOID. $ regular, and pofi- 

 fioetdris, of a rhomboidal figure.) A genus 

 of pellucid, crystalline spars, of no de- 

 terminate, regular, external form, but al- 

 ways fracturing into regularly rhomboidal 

 masses. Of this genus there are five 

 known species, all possessing, in some 

 degree, the double refraction of the island 

 crystal. 



