ART 



C 23] 



ASP 



ARTI'CULATED. Jointed ; having joints ; 

 united by joints. In botany, the term 

 articulated is applied to leaves, when one 

 leaflet, or pair of leaflets, grow out of the 

 summit of another, with a sort of joint ; 

 to stems divided by joints or knots, or 

 divided from space to space by contrac- 

 tions ; to culm with joints. 



ARTI'CULATING. Fitting by means of joints. 



ARTICULA'TION. (articulatio, Lat. articu- 

 lation, Fr. articolazione, It.) The junc- 

 ture or joint of bones. There are three 

 kinds of articulation, 1. Immoveable, 

 called Synarthrosis ; 2. Moveable, or 

 Diarthrosis ; 3. Mixed, or Amphi-ar- 

 throsis. 



ARTICULO'SA. See Articulata. 



ARUNDINA'CEOUS. (Lat.) Resembling 

 reeds. 



ARUNDI'NEOUS. ^ (arundineus, Latin) 



ARU'NDINOSE. $ Reedy ; abounding with 

 reeds. 



ARYTJE'NOID. (from apvTaiva, a ewer, 

 and tldog, resemblance, Gr.) A name 

 given to some of the cartilages, glands, 

 and muscles of the larynx. 



A'SAPHUS. (a<ra0?}c, Gr. obscurus.) A 

 genus of Trilobites. Professor Buck- 

 land observes, in writing of Trilobites, 

 " Fossils of this family were long con- 

 founded with insects, under the name of 

 Entomolithus paradoxus ; after many dis- 

 putes respecting their true nature, their 

 place has now been fixed in a separate 

 section of the class Crustaceans, and al- 

 though the entire family appears to have 

 been annihilated at so early a period as 

 the termination of the carboniferous 

 strata, they nevertheless present analo- 

 gies of structure, which place them in 

 near approximation to the inhabitants 

 of the existing seas. 



ASBE'STINE. Incombustible ; partaking 

 of the properties of asbestos. 



ASBE'STINITE. A species of asbestos. 

 This mineral is amorphous. Texture fo- 

 liated. Lustre silky, 3. Specific gra- 

 vity 2'8SO. Colour white, with shades 

 of red, yellow, blue, and green. At 150 

 Wedgewood, it melts into a green glass. 



ASBE'STOID. A mineral, thus called from 

 its resemblance to Asbestos. It is amor- 

 phous. Texture foliated or striated. 

 Specific gravity from '3 to 3*30. Colour 

 olive or green. It consists of silica 46, 

 oxide of iron 25, lime 11, oxide of 

 manganese 10, magnesia 8. 



ASBE'STOS. ) (dafiearoQ, Gr. nomen lapidis, 



ASBE'STUS. $ unde telse fiunt, quse non 

 comburuntur in igni ; asbeste, Fr. asbeste, 

 It.) A mineral of which there are several 

 varieties, all marked by their fibrous flexi- 

 ble quality. Asbestos is itself a variety of 

 hornblende. It was well known to the 

 ancients, by whom a kind of cloth was 



made of one of its varieties, which was 

 esteemed to be incombustible. It is 

 found abundantly in most mountainous 

 countries, and in the isle of Anglesea it 

 lies in considerable quantities between the 

 beds of serpentine. Although fire acts 

 slowly on its fibres, yet it will, in the 

 course of time, consume them. It is 

 commonly amorphous. Texture fibrous. 

 Lustre from to 2. Hardness from 3 to 

 7. It absorbs water. Colours white, 

 green, blue, yelloAV, and brown. Its 

 constituent parts are, silica CO, magnesia 

 30, lime 6, alumina 4. It feels soapy 

 or greasy. For one of its varieties, 

 flexible asbestos, see Amianthus. Another 

 variety has obtained the name of moun- 

 tain cork, from its swimming when thrown 

 into water. This variety has a strong 

 resemblance to common cork. Its fibres 

 are interwoven. Specific gravity from 

 0-6806 to 0-9933. It feels meagre ; 

 yields to the fingers like cork, and is 

 somewhat elastic. Colour white or grey. 

 Its constituent parts are, silica 62, car- 

 bonate of magnesia 23, carbonate of 

 lime 12, alumina 2-7, oxide of iron 2*3, 

 One variety is called rigid or common 

 asbestos. Of this the colours are usually 

 green, and disposed in straight, pearly, 

 rigid fibrous concretions. Soapy or unc- 

 tuous to the feel. Another variety is 

 known by the names of rockwood, moun- 

 tainwood, or ligneous asbestos. The 

 colour of this variety is brown, and its 

 general appearance greatly resembles fos- 

 sil wood. 



A'SCARIS. (ao-fcapif, Gr.) Cuvier placed 

 the ascaris in the order Nematoidea, class 

 Entozoa. The thread- worm. 



ASCI'DIA. A genus of animals found in the 

 sea, adhering to the rocks. Class Vermes, 

 order Mollusca. 



ASCITI'TIOUS. (ascititius, Lat.) Supple- 

 mental ; additional ; not originally form- 

 ing part of. 



ASH-COLOURED. Coloured between brown 

 and grey. 



A'SHLAR. A name given to freestone as it 

 is taken from the quarry. 



ASIPHONIBRANCHIA'TA. In De Blainville's 

 system, the second order of the class 

 Paracepholophora Dioica, comprising the 

 genera Goniostomata, Cricostomata, He- 

 micyclostomata, Ellipsostomata, and Oxy- 

 stomata. 



ASLA'NT. Obliquely ; not perpendicularly. 



A'SPHALT. "^ (a<T0crArof,Gr. bitumen, as- 



ASPHA'LTOS. } phalte, Fr.) A bituminous 



ASPH A'LTUM. ) substance,found abundant- 

 ly on the shores of the Dead Sea, in the 

 island of Trinidad, in China, America, and 

 various parts of Europe. Its colour is 

 brown or black ; it is lighter than water, 

 and easily soluble in naphtha, but quite 



