CAR 



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CAT 



CARI'NA. (Lat.) The keel ; a term ap- 

 plied to two of the petals in papiliona- 

 ceous flowers. The carina is composed 

 of two petals, separate or united, and 

 encloses the internal organs of fructifica- 

 tion. 



CARINA'RIA. A very thin univalve, in 

 the form of a cone flattened on its sides, 

 the apex terminating in a very small con- 

 voluted spire, and the back having a 

 dentated keel. De Blaiuville places Ca- 

 rinaria in the family Nectopoda. It de- 

 rives its name from its dorsal keel. 

 Parkinson states that it has not been 

 found fossil, nor is its inhabitant known. 

 Sowerby mentions that this beautiful 

 shell was once so rare, that a specimen 

 would fetch one hundred guineas. 



CA'RINATED. (carinatus, Lat.) Keel- 

 shaped; in conchology, having a longi- 

 tudinal prominence like the keel of a 

 vessel. 



CARI'NTHINE. A variety of augite, of a 

 dark green or black colour. It obtains 

 its name from being found in Carinthia. 



CARNA'RIA. (carnarius, Lat.) Flesh- 

 eating animals. In Cuvier's arrange- 

 ment, the third order of Mammalia. 



CARNE'LIAN. > (cornaline, FT. comalina, 



CARNE'LION. $ It.) A precious stone of 

 various colours, as red, brown, yellow, 

 and white. It is a variety of rhombohe- 

 dral quartz. The finest specimens are 

 brought from India. Carnelian is com- 

 posed of 94 parts silica, 3'50 alumina, 

 and a trace of oxide of iron. Carnelian 

 differs from calcedony only in being more 

 or less transparent. It varies in its con- 

 stituents from being nearly pure silex, to a 

 mixture of this earth with alumine and 

 iron, in small quantities. 



CA'RNEOUS. See Carnous. 



CARNI'VORA. (from camis, and voro, Lat.) 



1. Animals which subsist solely on flesh. 

 They belong to the order Mammalia. 

 Fossil remains of carnivora are abundant 

 in the pliocene strata. Cuvier placed the 

 carnivora as a family in the order Carna- 

 ria, class Mammalia. 



2. In entomology, a family of coleopterous 

 insects. These insects pursue and devour 

 others. 



CARNI'VOROUS. (carnivorus, Lat. carni- 

 vore, Fr.) Living on flesh ; devouring 

 flesh. 



CA'ROTID. (from icapwri&c, Gr. carotides, 

 Lat. carotides, Fr.) The name given to 

 certain arteries of the neck. 



CA'RPAL. (from carpus. Lat. Kapirbg, Gr.) 

 Relating to the wrist. 



CARPE'LLUM. (from Kapirb, Gr.) In 

 botany, a leaf in a particular state of mo- 

 dification. Each modified leaf which 



forms the pistil, is called a carpellum, and 

 has its under side turned outwards, and 

 its upper inwards, or towards the centre 

 of the flower. The carpella are folded so 

 that the margins of the leaf are next to 

 the axis, or centre : from these a kind of 

 bud is produced, which is the seed. On 

 the form of the carpella, on their number, 

 and on their arrangement around the 

 centre, depends, necessarily, the form of 

 the pistil. 



CA'RPOLITE. ^(from Kapirbg, fructus, 



CA'RPOLITH. > and XiOog, lapis.) Any 



CARPOLI'THUS. 3 fruit which by silifica- 

 tion has been converted into stone. 



CARPO'LOGY. (from KapTrb^ and Xoyoe, Gr.) 

 That branch of the science of botany 

 which treats of fruits. 



CA'RTILAGE. (cartilago, Lat. cartilage, Fr. 

 cartilagine, It.) Smooth, solid, animal 

 matter, softer than bone, and harder than 

 ligament ; gristle. 



CARTILA'GINOUS. (cartilagineux, Fr. car- 

 tilayinoso, It.) Consisting of cartilage ; 

 resembling cartilage ; gristly. 



CARTILA'GINOUS. 



1. A name given to all fish whose mus- 

 cles are supported by cartilages instead of 

 bones. 



2. A term applied to leaves, the borders 

 of which are hard and horny. 



CARYOPHI'LLIA. A coral zoophyte. In 

 the caryophillise possessing more than one 

 cell, each receptacle contains a polypus. 

 A branched madrepore with a star at the 

 end of each branch ; each star having a 

 mouth and tentacula. Bake well. 



CASSIDA'RIA. A genus of univalve molluscs 

 found both recent and fossil. The recent 

 species are found near the shore, and at 

 small depths from the surface. The fossil 

 specimens occur in the tertiary strata. 



CA'SSIS. 



1. The helmet-stone. An echinite, a sec- 

 tion of the class of Catocysti. 



2. A. gibbose ventricose univalve ; the 

 aperture longitudinal and sub-dentated, 

 and terminating in a short reflected canal. 

 The columella plicated in its lower part ; 

 the left lip flattened, and forming a ridge 

 on the body of the shell. Parkinson. 



This genus of shells is found both recent 

 and fossil : the recent is an inhabitant of 

 tropical seas ; the fossil occurs in the ter- 

 tiary deposits. Some species are figured 

 in Parkinson's Organic Remains. 



CA'SSIDITE. A fossil shell of the genus 

 cassidaria. The hills of Tuscany yield 

 these fossils. 



CA'TACLYSM. (from KaraK\v<r/t6c, Gr. 

 cataclysme, Fr.) A great inundation or 

 deluge : used generally to describe the 

 Noachian deluge. 



CAT'S-EYE. A beautiful mineral, a variety 

 of rhombohedral quartz, having an opal- 



