FAR 



F A U 



same state of mineralization as the marine 

 shells. The bones of the mastodon, rhi- 

 noceros, and hippopotamus, are in the 

 same state of preservation as those o 

 whales, and other cetaceous animals, with 

 which they are intermixed. They are coat- 

 ed with marine polypi and serpulae, which 

 proves that they were long covered by a 

 tranquil and stationary sea. These faluns 

 are distinct from the tertiary beds of the 

 Seine, and more recent than any of them ; 

 but they are themselves the lowest term 

 of a new system, more important, and 

 more extensive, than the formations of the 

 Paris or London basins, and which has 

 been continued to the present epoch, 

 during all the numerous up-heavings of 

 the ground, the changes in the relative 

 level of seas and continents, and the suc- 

 cessive modifications of organic beings. 

 FARI'NA (Lat.) Meal; flour: in bo- 

 tany, the pollen, or dust of the anther. 

 The pollen, or farina, is contained in the 

 anther. In dry and warm weather the 

 anther contracts and bursts, when the 

 pollen is thrown out. From microscopic 

 observation we find each particle of dust 

 to be generally a membranous bag, either 

 round or angular, smooth or rough, which 

 on meeting with any moisture instantly 

 bursts with great force, and discharges a 

 subtile vapour. 



FARINA'CEOUS. Containing meal or flour. 

 In botany, applied to those parts of vege- 

 tables which yield starch. 

 FA'RINOSE. In entomology, having the sur- 

 face covered with dust, resembling flour, 

 which the slightest touch will remove. 

 FARRA'GINOUS. (farrago, Lat.) Com- 

 posed of many materials ; thus Kirwan 

 writes " a farraginous mountain." The 

 word is rarely used by geologists. 

 FA'SCIA. (Lat.) The tendinous expansion 

 of a muscle, inclosing others like a band. 

 FA'SCIATED. Filleted, or enclosed with a 



band. 



FA'SCICLE. (fasciculus, Lat.) A bundle, 

 or little bundle : applied to flowers on 

 small stalks, when many spring from one 

 point, and are collected into a close and 

 level bundle at the top ; as the sweet- 

 william. 

 FA'SCICLED. Clustered together as in a 



bundle. 



FASCI'CULAR. (fascicularis, Lat.) United, 

 or growing together, in a bundle , applied 

 to leaves growing in a cluster, or tuft, as 

 the larch, and some species of pine ; ap- 

 plied also to roots, when many tubes pro- 

 ceed from the same centre, shooting forth 

 in an elongated form. 



FASCIO'LA. The fluke-worm. A genus of 

 internal worm belonging to the order Pa- 

 renchymata, family Tremadotea. There 

 are many species ; they are furnished 



underneath the body, or at its extremity, 

 with organs resembling cupping-glasses, 

 by which they adhere to the viscera. In 

 this genus is included the Distoma hepa- 

 tica, or Fasciola Hepatica of Linnreus, 

 which so infests, and is so common in, 

 the hepatic vessels of sheep. 

 FASCIOLA'RIA. A subfusiform univalve, 

 channelled at its base, without any pro- 

 jecting sutures, and having two or three 

 very oblique folds on the columella. 

 Parkinson. 



FASCIOLI'TES. A subcylindrical, shelly, or 

 bony body, about half an inch in length, 

 rather tapering at the ends, and formed 

 by the spiral arrangement of perpendicu- 

 lar, concamerated tubes, the tapering end 

 of which is obliquely and transversely 

 folded on that of the preceding one. The 

 tubes are seen to be distinct ; and, where 

 the outer surface has been removed, the 

 concamerations are perceived, resulting 

 from the interposition of very numerous 

 and minute septa, transversely disposed. 

 The tubes are placed perpendicularly 

 round the centre, and it appears that 

 round the first formed tube, or chamber, 

 successive increasing columnar tubes were 

 disposed, folding over each other at their 

 ends. Whether these several tubes were 

 internally connected with each other, or 

 not, or whether the chambers communi- 

 cated, or not, with each other, by a si- 

 phuncle, are questions not yet clearly as- 

 certained. Like some of the nummulites, 

 this body, when polished, has more the 

 appearance of bone than of shell, and from 

 this and other circumstances, it seems to 

 approximate nearer to the nummulite than 

 to any other fossil. 16. 



FA'SSAITE. (from Fassa in the Tyrol.) A 

 mineral, a dark-green variety of augite ; 

 it is also found in Scotland and Ireland, 

 in beds of primitive trap, limestone, and 

 magnetic ore. 



FASTI'GIATE. ) (fastiaiatus, Lat.) Point- 



FASTI'GIATED. $ ed ; a term applied to a 

 stem, peduncles, umbel, &c. 



FA'THOM. A measure of length equal to 

 six feet, or two yards. 



FA'THOMLESS. A depth which cannot be 

 ascertained by sounding ; a depth to 

 which no bottom can be found. 



FAULT. (faule,~Fr.) A break or intersec- 

 tion of strata ; interruption of the conti- 

 nuity of strata, with displacement ; the 

 sudden interruption of the continuity 

 of strata, in the same plane, accom- 

 panied by a crack or fissure, varying in 

 width from a mere line to several feet ; 

 such fissure being generally filled with 

 fragments, &c. When a fault occurs in 

 strata they are generally either derated or 

 depressed, so that in working a bed or 

 vein there appears to be a sudden termi- 



