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tirmous parenchyma ; the only alimentary 

 organ it contains being ramified canals. 



INTESTI'NAL. (intestinal, Fr. intestinale, 

 It. ) Belonging to the intestines. 



INTE'STINE. (intestin, Fr. intestino, It. 

 intestinus, Lat.) Internal ; inward. 



INTE'STINES. (This word is generally used 

 in the plural.) All that portion of the 

 alimentary canal which extends from the 

 pyloric extremity of the stomach to the 

 anus ; comprehending, in man, the duo- 

 denum, jejunum, and ilium, or small in- 

 testines, and the coecum, colon, and rec- 

 tum, or large intestines. 



INTO'RSION. ^ (from intorqueo, intorsum et 



INTO'RTION. S intortum, Lat.) A twist- 

 ing or turning in any particular direction. 

 A term used in botany and conchology. 



INTRAFOLIA'CEOUS. Growing on the in- 

 side of a leaf. 



INTRANSMU'TABLE. (from in and trans- 

 mutable.) Unchangeable into any other 

 substance ; not capable of being trans- 

 muted. 



INTUME'SCENCE. (intumescence, Fr. intu- 

 mesco, Lat.) A swelling or rising up ; 

 an expansion in the form of bubbles ; a 

 puffing. 



I'NULIN. (from inula.) A vegetable pro- 

 duct, resembling starch, obtained from 

 the roots of the Inula Hellenium, or ela- 

 campane, by boiling them in water. It 

 was thus named by Mr. Rose. 



INVE'RSION. (inversio, Lat. inversion, Fr. 

 inversione, It. ) Change of order or po- 

 sition so that the upper may be lower, or 

 the lower upper ; the first last, or the 

 last first. In the order of superposition 

 of the different stratified rocks, some 

 strata may be wanting altogether, but 

 there will not be found an inversion of 

 the regular order of superposition. 



INVE'RTEBRAL. (from in and vertebral.) 

 Not possessing any vertebral column, or 

 hard bony tube for the spinal cord, or 

 medulla spinalis ; not having a back- 

 bone. 



INVE'RTEBRATE. )A11 those animals are 



INVE'RTEBRATED. $ invertebrated which 

 are included in the three great divisions, 

 mollusca, or cyclo-gangliata ; articulata, 

 or diplo-neura ; and radiata, or cyclo- 

 neura. The other great division includes 

 the vertebrata, or spini-cerebrata. In 

 the cephalopodes, the invertebrate form 

 of the lower divisions is beginning to be 

 lost, and the vertebrate form of that divi- 

 sion, to which man belongs,- to appear. 

 The first of the true vertebrated animals, 

 is the class of fishes ; from this class 

 upwards, including pisces, amphibia, rep- 

 tilia, aves, and mammalia, all are verte- 

 brated. From the class Pisces down- 

 wards, including cephalopoda, pteropoda, 

 gasteropoda, conchiphera, tunicata, of the 



division mollusca; Crustacea, arachnida, 

 insecta, myriapoda, annelida, cirrhopoda, 

 rotifera, entozoa, of the division articu- 

 lata ; echinoderma, acalepha, polypiphera, 

 poriphera, polygastrica, of the division 

 radiata, all are invertebrated. There is 

 one remarkable distinction which sepa- 

 rates the vertebrated from the inverte- 

 brated animals, namely, that in the 

 former, the muscles have no external 

 points of attachment ; and in the latter, 

 with a few partial exceptions, no internal 

 ones. 



INVE'RTED. (from inverto, inversus, Lat.) 

 Turned upside down ; turned inwards ; 

 placed in contrary order to that which 

 was before, or which is usual. 



INVE'RTEDLY. In contrary or reversed 

 order. 



INVO'LUCEL. A small or partial involucre. 



INVOLU'CRE. ) (involucrum, Lat. cui ali- 



INVOLU'CRUM. $ quidinvolvitur.) 



1. Any membranous covering. 



2. In botany, a species of calyx, remote 

 from the flower, and bearing a great re- 

 semblance to bractea; : the involucre is 

 composed of many small leaves placed at 

 the foot of the general umbel ; in umbel- 

 liferous plants, the involucre, accompany- 

 ing the partial umbels, is called the in- 

 volucella. 



INVOLU'CRET. A small, imperfect, or par- 

 tial involucre, an involucel. 



FN VOLUTE. } (from involvo, Lat.) 



I'NVOLUTED. \ 1. In botany, applied to 

 leaves, when the margins are rolled in- 

 wards upon each other. 

 2. In conchology, where the exterior lip 

 is turned inwards, at the margin, as in all 

 the cyprese. 



INVOLUTION, (involutio, Lat. involution, 

 Fr.) 



1. The act of in wrapping or involving. 



2. The state of being involved or en- 

 tangled. 



3. That which infolds or inwraps any- 

 thing ; that part which inwraps another. 



I'ODATE. A compound salt formed by the 

 combination of iodine, ozygen, and a 

 salifiable base ; as the iodates of ammo- 

 nia, soda, &c. 



I'ODIDE. A compound of iodine and some 

 metallic substance ; as iodide of iron, 

 iodide of lead, &c. Also a compound of 

 iodine with a simple non-metallic sub- 

 stance. When iodine combines with 

 metals in more than one proportion, it 

 forms a protiodide, or a periodide. 



FODIN. ^ (from ioeidrjg, ex lov and tlSoe, 



FODINE. $ Gr.) This substance, which 

 was discovered by Courtois, a manufac- 

 turer of salt-petre, at Paris, in 1812, 

 obtained its name from the colour of its 

 vapour, which is a beautiful violet. 

 Iodine is procured from sea-water and 



