S T R 



[ 247 ] 



SUB 



STRO'NTITES. The name given by Dr. 

 Hope to the earth obtained from strontia- 

 nite ; it has been named strontian by 

 Klaproth, and is more usually known 

 under that designation. 



STRO'NTIOM. The metallic base of strontia. 

 Strontium greatly resembles barium in its 

 appearance, although it is indeed, a very 

 different substance. Strontium is harm- 

 less, but barium and all its salts are poi- 

 sonous. The salts of strontium commu- 

 nicate to flame a fine red tinge ; those of 

 barium, a yellow. 



STRU'CTURE. (structura, Lat. structure, 

 Fr. struttura, It.) 



1. A term used in mineralogy, to denote 

 one of the characters of minerals. The 

 structure of a mineral depends on the 

 shape, size, and arrangement of the mi- 

 nute parts of which it is composed. It is 

 sometimes used synonymously with frac- 

 ture, but it is not correct so to do, there 

 existing a considerable difference between 

 the two terms. 



2. The manner of organization of animals 

 and vegetables. The manner in which 

 the parts of an organized body are ar- 

 ranged among themselves. 



STU'FA. (stufa, It. ) A jet of steam issu- 

 ing from a fissure of the earth. In vol- 

 canic regions stufas are by no means 

 uncommon. The name is taken from the 

 Italians, who thus apply it. 



STYLE, (stylus, Lat.) In botany, that 

 part of the pistil which elevates the stigma 

 above the germen. The style is not ab- 

 solutely essential, and is sometimes want- 

 ing. The style is a continuation of the 

 midrib, and constitutes a portion of the 

 pistil. 



SUB-A'PENNINE. " This term," says Mr. 

 Lyell, " is applied geologically to a series 

 of strata of the older pliocene period. 

 The beds which have been termed sub- 

 apennine are composed of sand, clay, 

 marl, and calcareous tufa ; they are all 

 tertiary deposites, and abound in marine 

 shells of genera and species which prove 

 some of them to be contemporaneous with 

 the crag deposit, and others of a more 

 ancient epoch : they rest unconformably 

 upon the inclined beds of the Apennine 

 range. Brodchi, an Italian geologist, 

 gave to this group the name it bears. 



SUB-A'PENNINES. The name given to cer- 

 tain ranges of hills, rising at the height of 

 from one to two thousand feet, which 

 flank or skirt the great chain of the 

 Apennines. 



SUBA'QJJEOUS. (from sub, under, and 

 aqua, water.) Being under the water ; 

 formed under water ; deposited under 

 water. 



SUBDIVISION. A more minute division of 

 something already divided. 



SUBGLO'BULAR. In botany, approaching 

 to, but not completely globular. 



SUBJA'CENT. (from sub, under, and ja- 

 cens, lying, Lat.) Lying beneath or 

 below. A term applied to rocks, beds, 

 or strata which lie under, or are covered 

 by others. 



SUBLIMA'TION. (sublimation, Fr. subli- 

 mamento, It.) That operation by which 

 solids are, by the aid of heat, brought 

 into a state of vapour, and again con- 

 densed into a solid form. One of the 

 hypotheses proposed to explain the fill- 

 ing of chasms in solid rocks with metal- 

 lic ores, is by a process of sublimation 

 from subjacent masses of intensely heated 

 mineral matter. 



SU'BMARINE. Under the sea, as submarine 

 forests, submarine volcanoes, &c. Grow- 

 ing under the sea, as submarine plants ; 

 formed under the sea, as submarine lava, 

 submarine strata, &c. 



SUBORBI'CULAR. ) Approaching to a cir- 



SUBORBI'CULATE. $ cular form, but not 

 quite circular. 



SUBORDINATE. Inferior in the order of 

 superposition. 



SUBO'VATE. Not perfectly ovate. 



SUBRO'TUND. Nearly globular ; almost 

 round. 



SUBSE'SSILE. In botany, applied to leaves 

 having very short footstalks. 



SUBSIDENCE. The act of sinking ; ten- 

 dency downwards. The subsidence of 

 large tracts of country, or of volcanic 

 hills, may be either gradual or sudden, 

 according to the circumstances of weak- 

 ness, &c. in the earth's crust. 



SU'BSOIL. That portion of the earth's 

 covering which intervenes between the 

 surface soil and the rocks on which it 

 rests. 



SUBSPE'CIES. A division of a species : 

 used plurally for the more minute divi- 

 sion of a species into several subspe- 

 cies. 



SU'BSTANCES, SIMPLE. See Elementary 

 substances. 



SU'BSTANTIVE CO'LOURS. Dr. Bancrot di- 

 vided colours into substantive and adjec- 

 tive : those which he termed substantive 

 colours, communicate their colour with- 

 out the intervention of some other sub- 

 stance ; those which he called adjective, 

 require the aid of a mordant or basis. 



SUBSTRA'TUM. A stratum lying under 

 another stratum. 



SUBTE'ND. (from sub, under, and tendo, 

 to stretch, Lat.) To extend under. 



SUBTE'NSE. The chord of an arch. 



SUBTERRA'NEA.N. ^ (from sub, under, and 



SUBTERRA'NEOUS. \ terra, the earth, Lat. 

 souterrain, Fr. sotteraneo, It.) Lying 

 under the earth ; placed below the sur- 

 face of the earth. 



