130 THE PROTEIN SUBSTANCES. 



peptone takes place into antipeptone and hemipcptone. Of these two 

 peptones the hemipeptone is further split into amino-acids and other 

 bodies while the antipeptone is not attacked. By the sufficiently 

 energetic action of trypsin only one peptone remains to the last the so- 

 called antipeptone. 



KUHNE and his pupils, who have conducted extensive investiga- 

 tions on the proteoses and peptones, classify the various proteoses accord- 

 ing to their different solubilities and precipitation properties. In the 

 pepsin digestion of fibrin l they obtained the following proteoses : (a) 

 Heteroproteose, insoluble in water but soluble in dilute salt solution; 

 (6) Protoproteose, soluble in salt solution and water. These two pro- 

 teoses are precipitated by NaCl in neutral solutions, but not completely. 

 Heteroproteose may, by being in contact with water for a long time 

 or by drying, be converted into a modification, called (c) Dysproteose, 

 which is insoluble in dilute salt solutions, (d) Deuteroproteose is a pro- 

 teose which is' soluble in water and dilute salt solution and which is 

 incompletely precipitated from acid solution by saturating with NaCl, 

 and is not precipitated from neutral solutions. 



The proteoses obtained from different protein bodies do not seem to be 

 identical, but differ in their behavior to precipitants. Special names have been 

 given to these various proteoses according to the mother-protein, namely, albu- 

 moses, globuloses, vitelloses, caseoses, myosinoses, elastoses, etc. These various 

 proteoses are further distinguished, as proto-, hetero-, and deuterocaseose, for 

 example. CHITTENDEN 2 has suggested the common name proteoses for the prod- 

 ucts formed intermediary between the proteins and peptones in the digestion of 

 animal and vegetable proteins. We have made use of it in this sense in pref- 

 erence to the word albumose (which is used in the German and by some other 

 writers), but which will be used in this book as indicating the intermediary 

 products in the hydrolysis of albumins and not as a general term. Certain 

 proteoses have also been obtained in a crystalline state (SCHROTTER). 



NEUMEiSTER 3 designates as atmidalbumose that body which is obtained by 

 the action of superheated steam on fibrin. At the same time he also obtained a 

 substance called atmidalbumin, which stands between the albuminates and the 

 proteoses. 



Of the soluble proteoses NEUMEISTER designates the protoproteose 

 and heteroproteose as primary proteoses, while the deuteroproteoses, 

 which are closely allied to the peptones, he calls secondary proteoses. As 

 essential differences between the primary and secondary proteoses he 



1 See Kiihne and Chittenden, Zeitschr. f. Biologie, 20. 



2 Kiihne and Chittenden, Zeitschr. f. Biologie, 22 and 26; Neumeister, ibid., 23; 

 Chittenden and Hartwell, Journ. of Physiol., 11 and 12; Chittenden and Painter, 

 Studies from the Laboratory, etc., Yale University, 2, New Haven, 1887; Chittenden, 

 ibid., 3; Sebelien, Chem. Centralblatt, 1890; Chittenden and Goodwin, Journ. of 

 Physiol., 12. 



3 Zeitschr. f. Biologie, 26. See also Chittenden and Meara, Journ. of Physiol., 

 15, and Salkowski, Zeitschr. f. Biologie, 34 and 37. 



