164 THE PROTEIN SUBSTANCES. 



(0.07 and 0.15 per cent in two different fractions). The generally 

 accepted view that lysine is completely absent in gliadin is still doubtful. 

 They could not detect lysine in zein by the same method. 



Lysine has been synthetically prepared by E. FISCHER and WEiGERT. 1 

 This lysine was racemic, while that prepared from protein is always 

 optically active and dextrorotatory. The rotation depends upon the 

 concentration and degree of acidity; for the hydrochloride a rotation of 

 ()D = + 14 to 17.25 has been found. On heating with barium hydroxide 

 it is converted into the racemic modification. According to ELLINGER 

 lysine yields cadaverine (pentamethylenediamine), CsHio(NH2)2, on 

 putrefaction, and this base is formed from the lysine in the organism 

 of those with cystinuria and at the same time C02 is split off (A. LOEWY 

 and NEUBERG). 2 



Lysine is readily soluble in water but is not crystallizable. The aque- 

 ous solution is precipitated by phosphotungstic acid, but not by silver 

 nitrate and baryta-water (differing from arginine and histidine). It 

 gives two hydrochlorides with hydrochloric acid, and with platinum 

 chloride a chloroplatinate which is precipitable by alcohol and has the 

 composition C6Hi4N2O2.H2PtCl6+C2H50H. It gives two silver salts 

 with AgNOa; one has the formula AgNOs+CeHu^Cb and the other 

 AgNO 3 +C6Hi4N 2 02.HN03. With benzoyl chloride and alkali, lysine 

 forms an acid, lysuric add, CeHi2(C7H50)2N2O2 (DRECHSEL), which 

 is homologous with ornithuric acid, and whose difficultly soluble acid 

 barium salt may be used in the separation of lysine. 3 The rather 

 insoluble picrate, which is precipitated from a not too dilute solution 

 of the hydrochloride by sodium picrate, may also be used in the detec- 

 tion of lysine. 



KUTSCHEB and LOHMANN 4 have found a lysine having somewhat different 

 properties in the final products of pancreas autolysis. 



In the preparation of the so-called hexone bases we can first precipitate 

 all the bases by phosphotungstic acid, when the monamino-acids remain in 

 solution. The precipitate is then decomposed in boiling water by barium 

 hydroxide and the bases obtained as silver compounds from this filtrate. 

 In regard to further details and the methods of separating the various 



and Kutscher, ibid., 31; Kutscher, ibid., 29; Schulze, ibid., 28; Winterstein, cited in 

 Schulze and Winterstein, Ergebnisse der Physiologie, I, Abt. 1, 1902; Kossel and 

 Dakin, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 40; Osborne and Leavenworth, Journ. of biol. 

 Chem., 14 



1 Ber. d. d. chem Gesellsch., 35. 



2 See footnote 3, p. 163. 



3 Drechsel, Ber. d. d. chem. Gesellsch., 28; see also C. Willdenow, Zeitschr. f . physiol. 

 Chem., 25. 



4 Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 41. 



