BLOOD SERUM. 269 



According to RONA and TAKAHASHI 1 25-30 per cent of the calcium is 

 non-diffusible, probably combined with proteins. 



Iodine, which seems to be habitually found, is also considered as 

 a mineral constituent of the plasma or serum (GLEY and BOURCET), 

 while arsenic, although not found in all blood, occurs in human blood 

 (GAUTIER, BOURCET 2 ). Iodine occurs to a greater extent in menstrual 

 blood than in other blood and does not exist as a salt, but as an organic 

 compound (BOURCET). 



The gases of the blood-serum, which consists chiefly of carbon dioxide 

 with only a little nitrogen and oxygen, will be described when treating 

 of the gases of the blood. 



We have only a few analyses of blood-plasma. As an example the 

 results of the analyses of the blood-plasma of the horse will be given 

 below. The analysis No. 1 was made by HoppE-SEYLER. 3 No. 2 is the 

 average of the results of three analyses made by HAMMARSTEN. The 

 figures are given for 1000 parts of the plasma. 



No. 1. No. 2. 



Water 908.4 917.6 



Solids 91.6 82.4 



Total proteins 77 . 6 69 . 5 



Fibrin 10.1 6.5 



Globulin 38.4 



Seralbumin 24 . 6 



Fat 1.21 



Extractive substances 4.01 ion 



Soluble salts 6.4 [ 1J ' y 



Insoluble salts 1.7 J 



LEWINSKY 4 has determined the total proteins and the individual 

 proteins in the blood-plasma of man and animals with the following 

 results : 



Total Protein. Albumin. Globulin. Fibrinogen. 



Man 72.6 40.1 28.3 4.2 



Dog 60.3 31.7 22.6 6.0 



Sheep 72.9 38.3 30.0 4.6 



Horse 80.4 28.0 47.9 4.5 



Pig 80.5 44.2 29.8 6.5 



ABDERHALDEN has made complete analyses of the blood-serum of 

 several domestic animals. From these analyses, as well as from those 

 made by HAMMARSTEN of the serum from human, horse, and ox-blood, 

 it follows that the amount of solids ordinarily varies between 70-97 

 p. m. The chief mass of the solids consists of proteins, about 55-84 

 p. m. In hens HAMMARSTEN found much lower values, namely, 54 



1 Hamburger, Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1898; Rona and Takahashi, Bioch. 

 2eitschr., 31. 



2 Gley and Bourcet, Compt. Rend., 130; Bourcet, ibid., 131; Gautier, ibid., 131. 



3 Cit. from v. Gorup-Besanez's Lehrbuch der physiol. Chem., 4. Aufl., 346. 



4 Pfluger's Arch., 100. 



