332 THE BLOOD. 



external conditions. When it amounts to more than 3 p. m., according 

 to a statement of Cl. BERNARD, 1 sugar appears in the urine and a gly- 

 cosuria occurs, a view that has not been substantiated. On the one 

 hand a glycosuria may occur at a lower sugar content in the blood and 

 on the other hand a glycosuria may be absent for a time with a higher 

 sugar content. An increase in the sugar content occurs, as first shown 

 by BERNARD and subsequently proved by others, after drawing blood. 

 In this case not alone is the quantity of sugar increased but also the other 

 reducing substances. According to certain investigators the quantity 

 of these latter is especially increased (HENRIQUES, N. ANDERSON, LYTTKENS 

 andSANDGREN, LEPINE and BouLUD 2 ). 



BERNARD 3 has shown that the quantity of sugar in the blood 

 diminishes more or less rapidly on leaving the veins. LEPINE, associated 

 with BARRAL, has specially studied this decrease in the quantity of 

 sugar, and calls it glycolysis. LEPINE and BARRAL, as well as ARTHUS, 

 have shown that this glycolysis takes place in the complete absence of 

 micro-organisms. It seems to be due to a soluble glycolytic enzyme whose 

 activity is destroyed by heating to 54 C. This enzyme is derived, 

 according to the above investigators, from the leucocytes and, accord- 

 ing to ARTHUS as well as to Do YON and MOREL 4 it occurs only in the 

 serum but not in the plasma. According to LEPINE, 5 it has some con- 

 nection with the pancreas. The glycolysis is, according to ROHMANN 

 and SPITZER and SIEBER, an oxidation which is produced, according 

 to the two last-mentioned investigators, by an oxidation ferment. Accord- 

 ing to RONA and DOBLIN it takes place in an atmosphere of hydrogen, 

 which does not speak for the above view. The recent investigations of 

 SLOSSE, of EMBDEN and collaborators KRASKE, KONDO and K. v. NOORDEN 6 



1 Bleile, Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1879; Bernard, Lecons sur le diabete. 



2 Henriques, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 23, N. Anderson, Bioch. Zeitschr., 12; 

 Lyttkens and Sandgren, ibid., 26; Lepine and Boulud, Journ. de Physiol., 13. 



3 Legons sur le diabete, Paris, 1877. 



4 Arthus, Arch, de Physiol. (5), 3; Doyon and Morel, Compt. rend soc. biol., 55. 



6 In regard to the numerous memoirs of Lepine and L6pine and Barral, see Lyon 

 medical., 62 and 63 ; Compt Rend. 110, 112, 113, 120 and 139; Lepine, Le ferment 

 glycolytique et la pathogenic du diabete (Paris, 1891), and Revue analytique et 

 critique des travaux, etc., in Arch, de me"d. exp6r. (Paris, 1892); Revue de medecine 

 1895; Etat actuel de la question de la glycolyse, Semaine medicale, 1911; Arthus, 

 Arch, de Physiol (5), 3, 4; Nasse and Framm, Pfliiger's Arch., 63, Paderi, Maly's 

 Jahresber., 26; see also Cremer, Physiologic des Glykogens in Ergebnisse d. Physiol., 

 1, Abt. 1. 



6 Rohmann and Spitzer, Ber. d. d. chem. Gesellsch., 28; Spitzer, Pfliiger's Arch., 

 60 and 67; Sieber, Zeitschr. f. physiol Chem., 39 and 44; Rona and Doblin, Bioch. 

 Zeitschr., 32; Slosse, Arch, internat. de Physiol., 11; Kraske, Kondo, and v. Noorden 

 Bioch. Zeitschr., 45. 



