HYDKOCELE AND SPERMATOCELE FLUIDS. 359 



As the quantity of protein in ascitic fluids is dependent upon the same 

 factors as in other transudates and exudates, it is sufficient to give the 

 following example of the composition, taken from BERNHEIM'S l treatise. 

 The results are expressed in 1000 parts of the fluid: 



Max. Min. Mean. * 



Cirrhosis of the liver 34.5 5.6 9.6921.06 



Bright's disease 16.11 10.10 5.6 10.36 



Tuberculous and idiopathic peritonitis ... 55 . 8 18 . 72 30 . 7 37 . 95 



Carcinomatous peritonitis 54.20 27.00 35. 1 58.96 



JOACHIM found the highest relative globulin amounts and lowest albumin 

 percentages in cirrhosis; in carcinoma, on the contrary, the lowest globulin and 

 the highest albumin. The values in cardiac stagnation stand between the cirrhosis 

 and carcinoma percentages. 



Urea has also been found in ascitic fluids, sometimes only as traces, some- 

 times in larger quantities (4 p. m. in albuminuria), also uric acid, allantoin in 

 cirrhosis of the liver (MOSCATELLI), xanthine, creatine, cholesterin, sugar, diastatic 

 and proteolytic enzymes, and according to HAMBURGER 2 also a lipase. 



Hydrocele and Spermatocele Fluids. These fluids differ essentially 

 from each other in various ways. The hydrocele fluids are generally 

 colored light or dark yellow, sometimes brownish with a shade of green. 

 They have a relatively higher specific gravity, 1.016-1.026, with a variable 

 but generally higher amount of solids, an average of 60 p. m. They 

 sometimes coagulate spontaneously, sometimes only after the addition of 

 fibrin ferment or blood. They contain leucocytes as chief form-elements. 

 Sometimes they contain smaller or larger amounts of cholesterin crystals. 



The spermatocele fluids, on the contrary, are as a rule colorless, 

 thin, and cloudy like water mixed with milk. They sometimes have an 

 acid reaction. They have a lower specific gravity, 1.006-1.010, a lower 

 amount of solids an average of about 13 p. m. and do not coagulate 

 either spontaneously or after the addition of blood. They are, as a rule, 

 poor in protein and contain spermatozoa, cell-detritus, and fat-globules as 

 form constituents. To show the unequal composition of these two kinds 

 of fluids we will give the average results (calculated in parts per 1000 

 parts of the fluid) of seventeen analyses of hydrocele fluids and four 

 of spermatocele fluids made by HAMMARSTEN. S 



Hydrocele. Spermatocele. 



Water 938.85 986.83 



Solids 61 . 15 12. 17 



Fibrin 0.59 



Globulin 13.25 0.59 



Seralbumin 35.94 1 .82 



Ether extractive bodies 4 . 02 1 



Soluble salts 8.60 10.76 



Insoluble salts . 66 J 



1 1. c. As it was impossible to derive mean figures from those given by "Bernheim, 

 the author has given the maximum and minimum of the averages given by him. 



2 Arch. f. (Anat. u.) Physiol., 1900, 433. 



3 Upsala Lakaref. Forh., 14, and Maly's Jahresber., 8, 347. 



