360 CHYLE, LYMPH, TRANSUDATES AND EXUDATES. 



In the hydrocele fluid traces of urea and a reducing substance have been 

 found, and in a few cases also succinic acid and inosite. A hydrocele fluid may, 

 according to DEViLLARD, 1 sometimes contain paralbumin or metalbumin (?). 

 Cases of chylous hydrocele are also known. 



Cerebrospinal Fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid is thin, water-clear, 

 of low specific gravity, 1.007-1.008. The spina bifida fluid is very poor 

 in solids, 8-10 p. m. with only 0.19-1.6 p. m. protein. The fluid of 

 chronic hydrocephalus is somewhat richer in solids (13-19 p. m.) and 

 proteins. The amount of protein in the cerebrospinal fluid seems to be 

 rather variable under diseased conditions and FRENKEL-HEIDEN 2 found 

 0.875-3 p. m. protein in the lumbar fluid in progressive paralysis and 

 0.7-2.8 p. m. protein in tuberculous meningitis. In the perfectly fresh 

 fluid from healthy calves NAWRATZKI found an average of 0.22 p. m. 

 protein. 



According to HALLIBURTON the protein of the cerebrospinal fluid 

 is a mixture of globulin and protease; occasionally some peptone occurs, 

 and more rarely, in special cases, seralbumin appears. The conclusions 

 of HALLIBURTON on the occurrence of protease do not coincide with the 

 observations of other investigators (PANZER, SALKOWSKi 3 ). In general 

 paralysis, HALLIBURTON and MOTT obtained a nucleoprotein in the 

 cerebrospinal fluid. Choline occurs in several diseases, as in general 

 paralysis, brain-tumors, tabes dorsalis, and epilepsy (HALLIBURTON 

 and MOTT, DONATH, ROSENHEIM). According to KAUFMANN 4 we 

 are not here dealing with choline but with another base. Glucose, or at 

 least a fermentable sugar, occurs habitually in the cerebrospinal fluid, 

 while the claims of HALLIBURTON as to the occurrence of a substance 

 similar to pyrocatechin could not be substantiated in calves and men 

 by NAWRATZKI, 5 and hence this substance does not exist in all cerebro- 

 spinal fluids. Urea occurs in cerebrospinal fluids, but not always. In 

 the cases investigated by FRENKEL-HEIDEN indeed all the rest-nitrogen 

 occurred as urea and the urea-nitrogen varied in different pathological 

 cases between 0.196-1.12 p. m. Lactic Acid has been found by LEHN- 

 DORFF and BAUMGARTEN 6 in many pathological cases. The quantity 

 of NaCl is regularly much greater than the KC1, 6-7 p. m. NaCl against 



1 Bull. Soc. chim., 42, 617. 



2 Bioch. Zeitschr., 2. 



3 Halliburton's Text-book; Panzer, Wein. klin. Wochenschr., 1899; Salkowski, 

 Jaffa* Festschrift, 265. 



4 Halliburton and Mott, Phil. Transact. Roy. Soc. London, Series B, 191; Donath, 

 Zeitschr. f. physiol Chem., 39 and 42; see also Mansfield, ibid., 42; Rosenheim, Journ. 

 of Physiol., 35; Kaufmann, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 66. 



6 Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 23. See also Rossi, ibid., 39 (literature). 

 6 Zeitschr. f. exp. Path. u. Therap., 4 (literature). 



