AQUEOUS HUMOR AND BLISTER-FLUID. 361 



about 0.4 p. m. KC1, and the variable relation between potassium and 

 sodium is probably due, according to SALKOWSKI/ to the absence or pres- 

 ence of fever during the formation of the exudate; the amount of potas- 

 sium is high in the acute cases and low in the chronic ones. According 

 to LANDAU and HALPERN 2 a certain antagonism seems to exist between 

 nitrogen and sodium chloride, as the highest results of the first correspond 

 to the lowest results of the other. According to CAVAZZANI, S who has 

 especially studied the cerebrospinal fluids, the alkalinity of these fluids 

 is considerably less than that of the blood and independent of this last 

 fluid. For this and several other reasons CAVAZZANI draws the con- 

 clusion that the cerebrospinal fluid is formed by a true secretory process. 



A large number of investigations on the cerebrospinal fluid have been made 

 on the fluid obtained from cadavers and in consideration of this it must be remarked 

 that this fluid quickly changes after death and that the results obtained therefore 

 are not comparable with the fluid during life. 



Aqueous Humor. This fluid is clear, alkaline toward litmus, and has 

 a specific gravity of 1.003-1.009. The amount of solids is on an average 

 13 p. m., and the amount of proteins only 0.8-1.2 p, m. The protein 

 consists of seralbumin and globulin and very little fibrinogen and mucin. 

 According to GRUENHAGEN it contains paralactic acid, another dextro- 

 gyrate substance, and a reducing body which is unlike sugar or dextrin. 

 PAUTZ 4 found urea and sugar in the aqueous humor of oxen. 



Blister-fluid. The content of blisters caused by burns, and of vesi- 

 catory blisters and the blisters of the pemphigus chronicus, is generally a 

 fluid rich in solids and proteins (40-65 p. m.). This is especially true 

 of the contents of vesicatory blisters. In a burn-blister K. MORNER S 

 found 50.31 p. m. proteins, among which were 13.59 p. m. globulin and 

 0.11 p. m. fibrin. The fluid contains a substance which reduces copper 

 oxide, but no pyrocatechin. The fluid of the pemphigus is alkaline in 

 reaction. A wound secretion collected by LIEBLEIN 6 under aseptic 

 conditions was alkaline in reaction, and contained less protein than the 

 blood-serum. It formed a slight fibrin clot, and contained proteoses 

 only at first or at the beginning of the abscess formation. As the wound 

 healed, the relation between the globulin and albumin changed, and on 



1 See Salkowski, 1. c. New quantitative analyses of cerebrospinal and hydrocephalus 

 fluids may be found in the cited works of Nawratzki, Panzer, and Salkowski. 

 2 Bioch. Zeitsehr., 9. 



3 See Maly's Jahresber., 22, 346, and Centralbl. f. Physiol., 15, 216. 



4 Gruenhagen, Pflliger's Arch., 43; Pautz. Zeitsehr. f. Biologic, 31. 

 6 Skand. Arch. f. Physiol., 5. 



6 Habilitationsschrift Prag. 1902, printed by H. Laupp, Tubingen. 



