INTESTINAL JUICE. 491 



According to DELEZENNE and FROUIN, if any mechanical irritation 

 is prevented, the fluid flowing spontaneously from a fistula in a dog 

 is ten times more abundant in the duodenum than that in the middle 

 or lower part of the jejunum. In the upper part of the small intestine 

 of the dog, on the contrary, this secretion is scanty, slimy, and gelatin- 

 ous; in the lower part it is more fluid, with gelatinous lumps or flakes 

 (ROHMANN). Intestinal juice has a strong alkaline reaction toward 

 litmus, generates carbon dioxide on the addition of an acid, and contains 

 (in dogs) nearly a constant quantity of NaCl and Na2COs, 4.8-5 and 4-5 

 p. m. respectively (GUMILEWSKI, ROHMANN l ). The intestinal juice 

 of the lamb corresponded to an alkalinity of 4.54 p. m. Na2CO3. It 

 contains protein (THIRY found 8.01 p. m.), the quantity decreasing 

 with the duration of the elimination. The quantity of solids varies. 

 In dogs the quantity of solids is 12.2-24.1 p. m. and in lambs 29.85 p. m. 

 The specific gravity of the intestinal juice of the dog, according to the 

 observations of THIRY, is 1.010-1.0107, and in lambs 1.0143 (PREGL). 

 The intestinal juice from lambs contains 18.097 p. m. protein, 1.274 p. 

 m. proteoses and mucin, 2.29 p. m. urea, and 3.13 p. m. remaining organic 

 bodies. 



We have the investigations of DEM ANT, TURBY and MANNING, H. 

 HAMBURGER and HEKMA and NAGANO 2 on the human intestinal juice. 

 Human intestinal juice has a low specific gravity, nearly 1.007, about 

 10-14 p. m. solids, and is strongly alkaline toward litmus. The con- 

 tent of alkali calculated as sodium carbonate is 2.2 p. m., according 

 to NAGANO, HAMBURGER and HEKMA, and 5.8-6.7 p. m. Na Cl. The 

 determination of the freezing-point was 0.62 (HAMBURGER and HEKMA). 



The intestinal juice of the dog contains, according to BOLDYREFF 

 a lipase which acts especially upon emulsified fat (milk), and is different 

 from pancreas lipase, in that its action is not accelerated by bile. 

 JANSEN 3 found that the lipase was secreted from a THIRY-VELLA fistula 

 especially under the influence of bile and acid. The intestinal juice of 

 animals and man also contains an enzyme, erepsin, discovered by O. 

 COHNHEIM, which does not ordinarily have a splitting action upon native 

 proteins, but upon proteoses and peptones. It also possibly contains 

 a nuclease, and it also has a faint amylolytic action. The juice, and to 

 a high degree the mucous coat, contains in^ertase and maltase, which 



1 Gumilewski, Pfluger's Arch., 39. Rohmann, ibid., 41. 



2 Demant, Virchow's Arch., 75; Turby and Manning, Centralbl. f. d. med. Wis- 

 senschaft, 1892, 945; Hamburger and Hekma, 1. c.; Nagano, Mitt, aus d. Grenzgeb. 

 d. Med. u. Chir., 9. 



3 Boldyreff, Archiv. d. sciences biolog, de St. Petersbourg, 11; Jansen, Zeitschr. 

 f. physiol. Chem.lW, 400 (1910). 



