PANCREAS AND PANCREATIC JUICE. 495 



of nucleoproteins, while the globulin and albumin occur only to a slight 

 extent as compared with the nucleoproteins. Among the compound 

 proteins is the substance studied and isolated by UMBER but previously 

 discovered by HAMMARSTEN 1 and called a-proteid. This nucleopro- 

 tein contains, as an average, 1.67 per cent P, 1.29 per cent S, 17.12 per 

 cent N, and 0.13 per cent Fe. It yields, according to HAMMARSTEN, 

 fl-proteid on boiling, which is much richer in phosphorus than the nucleo- 

 protein. The native proteid (a) is the mother-substance of guanylic 

 acid; according to UMBER it dissolves on pepsin digestion without leaving 

 any residue, and yields on trypsin digestion guanylic acid on one side 

 and proteoses and peptones on the other. It can be extracted from the 

 gland by a physiological salt solution, and is precipitated by acetic acid. 

 Besides this compound protein the pancreas must contain at least one 

 other protein which is the mother-substance of the thymonucleic acid 

 obtainable from the pancreas. 



Besides these protein substances the gland also contains several 

 enzymes, or more correctly zymogens, which will be discussed later. 

 Among the extractive bodies, which are probably in part formed by 

 post-mortem changes and chemical action, we must mention leucine 

 tyrosine, purine bases in variable quantities, 2 inosite, lactic acid, volatile 

 fatty acids and fats. The mineral bodies vary considerably in quantity, 

 not only in animals and man but also in men and women (GOSSMANN). 

 The calcium seems, according to GOSSMANN, to exist in much greater 

 amount than the magnesium. According to the investigations of MAG- 

 NUS-LEVY the human pancreas contains 278 p. m. solids with 106 p. m. 

 fat and 156 p. m. protein. GOSSMANN 3 found in man 17.92 p. m. ash 

 and in women 13.05 p. m. 



Besides the previously-mentioned (Chapter VII) relation to the trans- 

 formation of sugar in the aminal body, the pancreas has the property 

 of secreting a juice especially important in digestion. 



Pancreatic Juice. This secretion may be obtained by adjusting a 

 fistula in the excretory duct, according to the methods suggested by 

 BERNARD, LUDWIG, and HEIDENHAIN, and perfected by PAWLOW, 4 



In herbivora, such as rabbits, whose digestion is uninterrupted, the 

 secretion of the pancreatic juice is continuous. In carnivora, it seems, 

 on the contrary, to be intermittent and dependent on the digestion. 



1 Umber, Zeitschr. f. klin. Med., 40 and 43; Hammarsten, Zeitschr. f. physiol. 

 Chem., 19. 



2 See Kossel, Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem., 8. 



3 Magnus-Levy, Bioch Zeitschr. 24; Gossmann, Maly's Jahresb. 30. 



4 Bernard, Lemons de Physiol., 2, 190; Ludwig, see Bernstein, Arbeiten, ad. physiol. 

 Anstalt zu Leipzig, 1869; Heidenhain, Pfliiger's Arch., 10, 604; Pawlow, The Work 

 of the Digestive Glands, (translated by Thompson, Philadelphia, 1910), and Ergebnisse 

 der Physiologie, 1, Abt. 1. 



